我希望 Pyramid、Python3、SQLAlchemy 和 MySQL 在单台机器上运行良好。以前有人问过这个问题，但是已经有足够长的时间了，我希望答案已经改变了……
问题：
什么驱动程序可以让 Python 3 Pyramid 应用程序通过 SQLAalchemy 与 MySQL 很好地对话？这甚至可能吗？
我在这个项目中已经走了很远，认为切换数据库是一件简单的事情，现在我有点卡住了，降级到 Python 2.7 并不是我想要经历的事情。所以我的第二个问题是：
如果不降级就无法很好地与 MySQL 对话，那么是否有 Python 3 可以使用的数据库（除了 SQLite）？
或者最后，我将如何克服下面“我尝试过的东西”部分中提到的任何问题？
我试过的东西：
PyMySQL
我安装了 PyMySQL，我什至让它抱怨密码不正确和数据库丢失，所以它得到了正确的结果。但是当我尝试初始化我的数据库（使用initialize_foo_db）时，一切都变糟了：
2013-02-06 17:18:31,282 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine][MainThread] b'SELECT DATABASE()'
2013-02-06 17:18:31,282 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine][MainThread] ()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 719, in _do_get
return self._pool.get(wait, self._timeout)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/util/queue.py", line 137, in get
raise Empty
sqlalchemy.util.queue.Empty
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "../bin/initialize_mega_db", line 9, in <module>
load_entry_point('mega==0.0', 'console_scripts', 'initialize_mega_db')()
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/mega/mega/scripts/initializedb.py", line 46, in main
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/schema.py", line 2567, in create_all
tables=tables)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2301, in _run_visitor
conn = self.contextual_connect(close_with_result=False)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2492, in contextual_connect
self.pool.connect(),
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 224, in connect
return _ConnectionFairy(self).checkout()
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 387, in __init__
rec = self._connection_record = pool._do_get()
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 741, in _do_get
con = self._create_connection()
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 188, in _create_connection
return _ConnectionRecord(self)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 273, in __init__
pool.dispatch.first_connect.exec_once(self.connection, self)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/event.py", line 279, in exec_once
self(*args, **kw)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/event.py", line 288, in __call__
fn(*args, **kw)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/strategies.py", line 168, in first_connect
dialect.initialize(c)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/dialects/mysql/base.py", line 1999, in initialize
default.DefaultDialect.initialize(self, connection)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 177, in initialize
self._get_default_schema_name(connection)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/dialects/mysql/base.py", line 1964, in _get_default_schema_name
return connection.execute('SELECT DATABASE()').scalar()
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1449, in execute
params)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1628, in _execute_text
statement, parameters
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1691, in _execute_context
context)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/SQLAlchemy-0.7.8-py3.2.egg/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 333, in do_execute
cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
File "/home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/local/lib/python3.2/site-packages/PyMySQL3-0.5-py3.2.egg/pymysql/cursors.py", line 108, in execute
query = query % escaped_args
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for %: 'bytes' and 'tuple'
我们的sql
我尝试使用安装oursqlpip install -r file
其中文件包含：
#oursql==0.9.3 but need special Python 3 build https://bugs.launchpad.net/oursql/+bug/1051512
https://launchpad.net/oursql/py3k/py3k-0.9.3/+download/oursql-0.9.3.zip
pyramid==1.3.4
我得到了：
oursqlx/compat.h:13:19: fatal error: mysql.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
myconnpy
这安装没有错误，但我似乎无法找出我应该告诉 SQLAlchemy 寻找什么。settings.ini在我尝试过的相应文件中：
sqlalchemy.url = mysql+myconnpy://...
以及一堆其他的东西。谷歌在这方面让我失望了......
更新——进步的表象
我已经成功安装了 oursql 构建依赖项：
sudo aptitude install python-pip libmysqlclient-dev
然后我下载了oursql0.9.3并运行：
setup.py install
输出是这样的：
cython not found, using previously-cython'd .c file.
running install
running build
running build_ext
running install_lib
copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.2/oursql.cpython-32mu.so -> /home/sheena/MegaCatalogue/env/lib/python3.2/site-packages
running install_egg_info
Writing /path/to/virtualenv/foo/lib/python3.2/site-packages/oursql-0.9.3.egg-info
我打开了一个外壳，显然该模块不存在 - 无论如何都无法导入。但是由于某种原因，如果我说 help() 然后是模块，它就会被列出