有一段时间,我对 matplotlib 不生成具有随机颜色的颜色图这一事实感到非常恼火,因为这是分割和聚类任务的常见需求。
通过仅生成随机颜色,我们可能会以一些太亮或太暗结束,从而使可视化变得困难。此外,通常我们需要第一个或最后一个颜色为黑色,代表背景或异常值。所以我为我的日常工作写了一个小函数
这是它的行为:
new_cmap = rand_cmap(100, type='bright', first_color_black=True, last_color_black=False, verbose=True)
比您只使用new_cmap作为 matplotlib 上的颜色图:
ax.scatter(X,Y, c=label, cmap=new_cmap, vmin=0, vmax=num_labels)
代码在这里:
def rand_cmap(nlabels, type='bright', first_color_black=True, last_color_black=False, verbose=True):
"""
Creates a random colormap to be used together with matplotlib. Useful for segmentation tasks
:param nlabels: Number of labels (size of colormap)
:param type: 'bright' for strong colors, 'soft' for pastel colors
:param first_color_black: Option to use first color as black, True or False
:param last_color_black: Option to use last color as black, True or False
:param verbose: Prints the number of labels and shows the colormap. True or False
:return: colormap for matplotlib
"""
from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap
import colorsys
import numpy as np
if type not in ('bright', 'soft'):
print ('Please choose "bright" or "soft" for type')
return
if verbose:
print('Number of labels: ' + str(nlabels))
# Generate color map for bright colors, based on hsv
if type == 'bright':
randHSVcolors = [(np.random.uniform(low=0.0, high=1),
np.random.uniform(low=0.2, high=1),
np.random.uniform(low=0.9, high=1)) for i in xrange(nlabels)]
# Convert HSV list to RGB
randRGBcolors = []
for HSVcolor in randHSVcolors:
randRGBcolors.append(colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(HSVcolor[0], HSVcolor[1], HSVcolor[2]))
if first_color_black:
randRGBcolors[0] = [0, 0, 0]
if last_color_black:
randRGBcolors[-1] = [0, 0, 0]
random_colormap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('new_map', randRGBcolors, N=nlabels)
# Generate soft pastel colors, by limiting the RGB spectrum
if type == 'soft':
low = 0.6
high = 0.95
randRGBcolors = [(np.random.uniform(low=low, high=high),
np.random.uniform(low=low, high=high),
np.random.uniform(low=low, high=high)) for i in xrange(nlabels)]
if first_color_black:
randRGBcolors[0] = [0, 0, 0]
if last_color_black:
randRGBcolors[-1] = [0, 0, 0]
random_colormap = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('new_map', randRGBcolors, N=nlabels)
# Display colorbar
if verbose:
from matplotlib import colors, colorbar
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(15, 0.5))
bounds = np.linspace(0, nlabels, nlabels + 1)
norm = colors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, nlabels)
cb = colorbar.ColorbarBase(ax, cmap=random_colormap, norm=norm, spacing='proportional', ticks=None,
boundaries=bounds, format='%1i', orientation=u'horizontal')
return random_colormap
它也在 github 上:
https ://github.com/delestro/rand_cmap