linux - 我的 find 命令用法有什么问题？

Question

我正在尝试查找名称与某些 C++ 文件扩展名匹配但排除某些与模式匹配的目录的所有文件：

find /home/palchan/code -name "*.[CcHh]" -o -name "*.cpp" -o -name "*.hpp" -a ! -name "*pattern*"

这仍然给我输出某些文件，例如：

/home/palchan/code/libFox/pattern/hdr/fox/RedFox.H

其中有图案？

这是一个例子：

> ls -R .
.:
libFox

./libFox:
RedFox.C  RedFox.H  pattern

./libFox/pattern:
RedFox.C  RedFox.H

然后我运行：

> find . \( -name "*.[HC]" -a ! -name "*pattern*" \)
./libFox/pattern/RedFox.C
./libFox/pattern/RedFox.H
./libFox/RedFox.C
./libFox/RedFox.H

Answer 1

以下应该有效：

find /home/palchan/code \( -name "*pattern*" \) -prune -o -type f \( -name "*.[CcHh]" -o -name "*.cpp" -o -name "*.hpp" \) -print

来自man find：

 -name pattern
          Base of file name (the path with the leading directories removed) matches shell pattern pattern.  The metacharacters (`*', `?', and `[]')  match
          a  `.'  at the start of the base name (this is a change in findutils-4.2.2; see section STANDARDS CONFORMANCE below).  To ignore a directory and
          the files under it, use -prune; see an example in the description of -path.  Braces are not recognised as being special, despite the  fact  that
          some  shells  including  Bash  imbue  braces  with  a special meaning in shell patterns.  The filename matching is performed with the use of the
          fnmatch(3) library function.   Don't forget to enclose the pattern in quotes in order to protect it from expansion by the shell.

所以，基本上，你应该使用-prune排除目录而不是! -name something

Answer 2

尝试这样做：

find /home/palchan/code \( -name "*.[CcHh]" -o -name "*.cpp" -o -name "*.hpp" -a ! -name "*pattern*" \)