我试图了解 PyCrypto 如何在项目中使用,但我并不完全理解初始化向量 (IV) 的重要性。我发现在解码字符串时我可以使用错误的 IV,除了前 16 个字节(块大小)之外,我似乎仍然可以得到消息。只是使用错误或不理解某些东西吗?
这是一个示例代码来演示:
import Crypto
import Crypto.Random
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
def pad_data(data):
if len(data) % 16 == 0:
return data
databytes = bytearray(data)
padding_required = 15 - (len(databytes) % 16)
databytes.extend(b'\x80')
databytes.extend(b'\x00' * padding_required)
return bytes(databytes)
def unpad_data(data):
if not data:
return data
data = data.rstrip(b'\x00')
if data[-1] == 128: # b'\x80'[0]:
return data[:-1]
else:
return data
def generate_aes_key():
rnd = Crypto.Random.OSRNG.posix.new().read(AES.block_size)
return rnd
def encrypt(key, iv, data):
aes = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
data = pad_data(data)
return aes.encrypt(data)
def decrypt(key, iv, data):
aes = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
data = aes.decrypt(data)
return unpad_data(data)
def test_crypto ():
key = generate_aes_key()
iv = generate_aes_key() # get some random value for IV
msg = b"This is some super secret message. Please don't tell anyone about it or I'll have to shoot you."
code = encrypt(key, iv, msg)
iv = generate_aes_key() # change the IV to something random
decoded = decrypt(key, iv, code)
print(decoded)
if __name__ == '__main__':
test_crypto()
我正在使用 Python 3.3。
输出会因执行而异,但我得到如下信息:b"1^,Kp}Vl\x85\x8426M\xd2b\x1aer secret message. Please don't tell anyone about it or I'll have to shoot you."