我正在尝试使用 OpenGL 进行复杂几何图形的可见性测试。我想做的很简单:为每个基元分配一个整数 ID,然后计算具有该 ID 的像素数。这使我可以计算每个图元的相对可见区域。(最终,这将扩展到可见区域的一些较小的有限元计算。)
我的问题是这个。我正在尝试将片段着色器的输出读入我的应用程序内存:特别是原始 ID 输出。我正在使用 QT 4.7.4 及其 OpenGL 包装类。当我绑定并启用一个缓冲区(“PixelPack”缓冲区)并尝试从 OpenGL 缓冲区读取到内存时,它报告读取成功。但是存储在数组中的值并不是我所期望的——它们都是 0,即使出于测试目的,我已将所有原语的 ID 设置为 1。
这是我的片段着色器:
#version 130
in vec4 Color;
flat in uint VertId;
out vec4 FragColor;
out uint FragId;
void main()
{
FragColor = Color;
// Changed to simpler version for debugging.
// FragId = VertId;
FragId = uint( 1 );
}
这是我的应用程序代码,去掉了一些不相关的部分(测试工具连接等):
#include <QtOpenGL/QGLShader>
#include <QtOpenGL/QGLShaderProgram>
#include <QtOpenGL/QGLBuffer>
using namespace std;
string loadSource( string file );
int
testSelfShadow::
shader( ostream& error )
{
bool fail = false;
// Create the OpenGL context.
int argc = 0;
char* argv;
QApplication* app = new QApplication( argc, &argv );
QGLWidget* widget = new QGLWidget();
widget->makeCurrent();
// Create the shader program.
QGLShaderProgram* prog = new QGLShaderProgram();
bool success = false;
success = prog->addShaderFromSourceCode( QGLShader::Vertex,
loadSource( "vertex.glsl" ).c_str() );
if ( ! success )
{
ErrorOStream msg;
msg << "Error trying to load vertex shader into a shader program.\n"
<< prog->log().toStdString();
throw ERRORLOG( msg.str() );
}
success = prog->addShaderFromSourceCode( QGLShader::Fragment,
loadSource( "fragment.glsl" ).c_str() );
if ( ! success )
{
ErrorOStream msg;
msg << "Error trying to load fragment shader into a shader program.\n"
<< prog->log().toStdString();
throw ERRORLOG( msg.str() );
}
success = prog->link();
if ( ! success )
{
ErrorOStream msg;
msg << "Error trying to link shaders into a shader program.\n"
<< prog->log().toStdString();
throw ERRORLOG( msg.str() );
}
prog->bind();
// Create the buffer for vertex position.
QGLBuffer* vBuf = new QGLBuffer( QGLBuffer::VertexBuffer );
vBuf->create();
vBuf->setUsagePattern( QGLBuffer::DynamicDraw );
vBuf->bind();
GLfloat vertices[] = {
-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.1f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.1f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 0.1f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.1f, 1.0f };
vBuf->allocate( vertices, sizeof( vertices ) );
prog->setAttributeBuffer( "Vertex", GL_FLOAT, 0, 4, 0 );
prog->enableAttributeArray( "Vertex" );
// Create the buffer for Grayscale brightness value.
// Not important for final program, just for debugging during
// development.
QGLBuffer* bBuf = new QGLBuffer( QGLBuffer::VertexBuffer );
bBuf->create();
bBuf->bind();
GLfloat brightness[] = {
1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7,
0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2
};
bBuf->allocate( brightness, sizeof( brightness ) );
prog->setAttributeBuffer( "Brightness", GL_FLOAT, 0, 1, 0 );
prog->enableAttributeArray( "Brightness" );
// Create the buffer for polygon ID.
QGLBuffer* idBuf = new QGLBuffer( QGLBuffer::VertexBuffer );
idBuf->create();
idBuf->bind();
GLuint polyId[] = {
1, 1, 1, 1,
2, 2, 2, 2
};
idBuf->allocate( polyId, sizeof( polyId ) );
prog->setAttributeBuffer( "PolyId", GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0, 1, 0 );
prog->enableAttributeArray( "PolyId" );
// Create the index buffer. Not trying to do any optimization
// here yet.
QGLBuffer* iBuf = new QGLBuffer( QGLBuffer::IndexBuffer );
iBuf->create();
iBuf->bind();
GLuint indices[] = {
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
};
iBuf->setUsagePattern( QGLBuffer::StaticDraw );
iBuf->allocate( indices, sizeof( indices ) );
// Create the buffer for reading back polygon id per fragment.
QGLBuffer* fBuf = new QGLBuffer( QGLBuffer::PixelPackBuffer );
fBuf->create();
fBuf->setUsagePattern( QGLBuffer::DynamicRead );
fBuf->bind();
fBuf->allocate( 640 * 480 * sizeof( GLuint ) );
prog->setAttributeBuffer( "FragId", GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0, 1, 0 );
prog->enableAttributeArray( "FragId" );
GLuint* fBufData = new GLuint[ 640 * 480 * sizeof( GLuint ) ];
glDrawElements( GL_QUADS, 8, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0 );
widget->show();
widget->updateGL();
// Trying this two different ways; neither way works.
bool readSuccess = fBuf->read( 0, fBufData, 640 * 480 * sizeof( GLuint ) );
GLuint* fBufMap =
static_cast< GLuint* >( fBuf->map( QGLBuffer::ReadOnly ) );
cout << "\n"
<< "Read Successful: " << readSuccess << endl;
cout << "Buffer map location and sample data: "
<< fBufMap << ":" << fBufMap[640] << endl;
cout << "Read data pointer: " << fBufData << endl;
cout << "Sample fragment ID: " << fBufData[ 640 * 480 / 2 ] << endl;
app->exec();
return fail;
}
以下是程序运行的示例输出:
Read Successful: true
Buffer map location and sample data: 0x5a5d9000:0
Read data pointer: 0x59e48008
Sample fragment ID: 0
这不是我所期望的。我希望所有片段 ID 都为 1,因为我在片段着色器中明确设置了 FragId = uint(1)。我设置我的阅读错误吗?我在绑定缓冲区或启用名称时做错了什么?
如果可能,我宁愿使用 QT 代码,原因超出了这个问题的范围。