是的,我们每次都实例化一个新的轴对象。这个实例是 a function
,它在 JavaScript 中是一等 Object;意思是,您可以像这样为其分配属性:
function myFunc() {}
myFunc.foo = "bar";
myFunc();// This is possible (naturally)
console.log(myFunc.foo);// ...and this is valid too
如果将上面的代码包装在一个函数中:
function giveMeMyFunc() {
function myFunc() {}
return myFunc;
}
然后每次你打电话
myFuncInstance = giveMeMyFunc();
你会得到一个新的实例myFunc
(它也是一个对象),因为myFunc
每次调用都会声明一次。
所以我们已经确定一个函数也是一个对象。而且,当一个函数返回另一个函数时,就好像它返回了一个对象的新实例,但同时也是一个函数,你仍然可以调用myFuncInstance()
.
为了强调这一点,也许为了回答您的其他问题,我们可以看看d3.svg.axis()
实际是如何实现的(大致摘自 d3 源代码):
d3.svg.axis = function() {
/* Some variables here, which essentially are instance properties (protected through closure) */
var scale = 123;
...
/* This is a function, but since JavaScript functions are first-class objects, it's essentially an instance. */
/* Each time (the outer) `d3.svg.axis()` is called, (the inner) `axis` function is a unique – not a shared – object. */
function axis() {
/* This is where the work of drawing the axis takes place, but won't get
called until the axis is used (see below). */
}
/* Since the inner function `axis` is also an object, the following is an instance method */
axis.scale = function(x) {
scale = x;// here we're setting `scale`, which is basically an instance property
// returning `axis` – a.k.a. our instance – is what enables method chaining: myAxis.scale(5).orient("left")
return axis;
}
/* More methods here, like `axis.scale` above */
/* Last line is very important: */
/* This is where the newly created instance is return. Remember from */
/* above, `axis` is a function, but it's an Object too, and it has the */
/* methods we've just applied to it. */
return axis;
}
/* Given all that, the line below returns an instance of `axis` (the inner function),
which has more methods applied to it. */
myAxis = d3.svg.axis();
最后,由于实例myAxis
也是一个函数,你可以调用它。这就是 d3 在将轴应用于选择时所做的事情:
d3.select('.x_axis').call(myAxis);
D3 将调用myAxis
其主体的函数,上面定义的主体function axis() {}
将完成在匹配选择器的元素中实际绘制一些 SVG 内容的所有工作'.x_axis'
。