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C# .NET 4.0 WinForms

我从本教程开始实现 MEF 示例代码,该代码描述了为元数据创建自定义 ExportAttribute 属性。一切都很顺利,直到我尝试将资源文件中的图像包含在元数据中。目标是提取每个插件 DLL 的标题、描述和图标作为元数据,用于在主程序中构建插件菜单。

我现在得到编译错误:

“属性参数必须是属性参数类型的常量表达式、typeof 表达式或数组创建表达式”

所以现在我有一个问题,需要弄清楚:

1)如何在属性中包含图像?

或者

2) 如何在不使用属性的情况下在 MEF 中包含元数据?

这是我正在使用的代码:

在合同类中:

// Metadata contract interface
public interface IPlugInMetadata
{
    string PlugInTitle { get; }
    string PlugInDescription { get; }
    Image PlugInIcon { get; }
}

// Plug-In contract interface
public interface IPlugIn
{
    void StartPlugIn(object systemObject);
    void StopPlugin();
}

插件 DLL 中的自定义属性:

[MetadataAttribute]
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false)]
public class PluginMetadataAttribute : ExportAttribute
{
    public string title { get; set; }
    public string description { get; set; }
    public Image icon { get; set; }

    public PluginMetadataAttribute(string plugInTitle, string plugInDescription, Image plugInIcon) 
        : base(typeof(IPlugInMetadata))
    {
        title = plugInTitle;
        description = plugInDescription;
        icon = plugInIcon;
    }
}

最后,插件 DLL 中的 Program 类:

[Export(typeof(IPlugIn))]
[PluginMetadata(ResourceFile.PlugInTitle, ResourceFile.PlugInDescription, ResourceFile.PlugInIcon24)]
public class Program : IPlugIn
{
    public void StartPlugIn(object systemObject)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Start Plug-In: " + ResourceFile.PlugInTitle);
    }

    public void StopPlugin()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Stop Plug-In: " + ResourceFile.PlugInTitle);
    }
}

该行正在产生错误。

[PluginMetadata(ResourceFile.PlugInTitle, ResourceFile.PlugInDescription, ResourceFile.PlugInIcon24)]

显然 ResourceFile 不被认为是一个常量,但是我怎样才能将图像用作元数据,或者这是不可能的? (请注意,图像设置为“嵌入 .resx”)

感谢您的任何帮助或建议!

4

1 回答 1

3

找到了解决方案:

好的,据我所知,您不能在 MEF 元数据中使用图像或图标。但是,您可以为 DLL 文件分配一个图标,就像您可以为 EXE 文件分配一个图标一样。然后可以使用 .NET 的 Icon 类型中内置的静态方法读取图标:

Icon MyDLLIcon = Icon.ExtractAssociatedIcon(DLLFilePath);

我仍然不确定为什么可以从资源文件中返回字符串作为 MEF 元数据,而不是嵌入的图标或图像。

由于几天来我一直在尝试拼凑一个提供带有图标的插件菜单的功能示例程序,因此我想我会发布代码以防它对其他人有所帮助。


这是一个功能齐全的示例项目,具有以下功能:

  • 旨在成为具有 5 个项目(MainProgram、ContractInterfaces、PlugInA、PlugInB、PlugInC)的单一解决方案

  • Post Build Events 将自动将每个项目中的 DLL 复制到一个通用的“插件”文件夹中

  • MainProgram (WinForm) 项目将构建可用 DLL 插件的目录,并使用每个插件的图标和元数据标题填充 ListView

  • 双击 ListView 项将实例化插件(利用延迟实例化),然后启动它。

  • 每个插件在启动时都会收到对主窗体的引用,创建一个新的文本框,并将其发布到主窗体以证明它已运行并可以访问 GUI。

  • 所选插件的标题、描述和版本元数据值将打印到控制台窗口


我为每个 DLL 分配了一个不同的图标(来自旧的 Visual Studio 6 Common Graphics Misc 文件夹)

截屏

从 DLL 插件中提取图标以创建 ListView,并且一旦启动(在双击 ListView 中的每个插件项之后),DLL 就会创建文本框并将其发布到 GUI。


将以下代码添加到名为“MainProgram”的全新 C# WinForm 项目中(我使用的是 VS 2010):

出于某种原因,代码示例解析器不喜欢 Using 语句,所以这里将它们作为要点:

  • 使用系统;
  • 使用 System.Collections.Generic;
  • 使用 System.ComponentModel.Composition;
  • 使用 System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting;
  • 使用 System.Drawing;
  • 使用 System.IO;
  • 使用 System.Windows.Forms;
  • 使用合同接口;
  • (命名空间)主程序

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    // Prerequisites to run:
    //      1)  Project, Add Reference, Projects, ContractInterface
    //      2)  Project, Add Reference, .NET, System.ComponentModel.Composition

    [ImportMany(typeof(IPlugIn))]
    private IEnumerable<Lazy<IPlugIn, IPlugInMetadata>> LoadedPlugIns;

    List<PlugInInfo> AvailablePlugIns = null;


    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        // Get a list of the available Plug-Ins
        AvailablePlugIns = GetPlugInList();

        // Prepare an ImageList to hold the DLL icons
        ImageList ImgList = new ImageList();
        ImgList.ColorDepth = ColorDepth.Depth32Bit;
        ImgList.ImageSize = new Size(32, 32);

        // Populate ImageList with Plug-In Icons
        foreach (var item in AvailablePlugIns)
        {
            ImgList.Images.Add(item.PlugInIcon.ToBitmap());
        }

        // Assign the ImageList to the ListView
        listView1.LargeImageList = ImgList;

        int imageIndex = 0;

        // Create the ListView items
        foreach (var item in AvailablePlugIns)
        {
            listView1.Items.Add(item.PlugInTitle, imageIndex);
            imageIndex++;
        }

        listView1.MouseDoubleClick += new MouseEventHandler(listView1_MouseDoubleClick);
    }

    void listView1_MouseDoubleClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
    {
        // Get the Plug-In index number 
        int plugInNum = listView1.SelectedItems[0].Index;

        PlugInInfo selectedPlugIn = AvailablePlugIns[plugInNum];

        // Call the StartPlugIn method in the selected Plug-In.
        // Lazy Instantiation will fully load the Assembly here
        selectedPlugIn.PlugIn.StartPlugIn(this);

        Console.WriteLine("Plug-In Title:          {0}", selectedPlugIn.PlugInTitle);
        Console.WriteLine("Plug-In Description:    {0}", selectedPlugIn.PlugInDescription);
        Console.WriteLine("Plug-In Version:        {0}", selectedPlugIn.PlugInVersion);
        Console.WriteLine();
    }



    private List<PlugInInfo> GetPlugInList()
    {
        // Create a List to hold the info for each plug-in
        List<PlugInInfo> plugInList = new List<PlugInInfo>();

        // Set Plug-In folder path to same directory level as Solution
        string plugInFolderPath = System.IO.Path.Combine(Application.StartupPath, @"..\..\..\Plug-Ins");

        // Test if the Plug-In folder exists
        if (!Directory.Exists(plugInFolderPath))
        {
            // Plug-In Folder is missing, so try to create it
            try
            { Directory.CreateDirectory(plugInFolderPath); }
            catch
            { MessageBox.Show("Failed to create Plug-In folder", "Folder Creation Error:", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation); }
        }

        try
        {
            // Create a catalog of plug-ins
            var catalog = new DirectoryCatalog(plugInFolderPath, "*.dll");
            AggregateCatalog plugInCatalog = new AggregateCatalog();
            plugInCatalog.Catalogs.Add(catalog);
            CompositionContainer container = new CompositionContainer(plugInCatalog);

            // This line will fetch the metadata from each plug-in and populate LoadedPlugIns
            container.ComposeParts(this);

            // Save each Plug-Ins metadata
            foreach (var plugin in LoadedPlugIns)
            {
                PlugInInfo info = new PlugInInfo();

                info.PlugInTitle = plugin.Metadata.PlugInTitle;
                info.PlugInDescription = plugin.Metadata.PlugInDescription;
                info.PlugInVersion = plugin.Metadata.PlugInVersion;
                info.PlugIn = plugin.Value;

                plugInList.Add(info);
            }

            int index = 0;

            // Extract icons from each Plug-In DLL and store in Plug-In list
            foreach (var filePath in catalog.LoadedFiles)
            {
                plugInList[index].PlugInIcon = Icon.ExtractAssociatedIcon(filePath);
                index++;
            }
        }
        catch (FileNotFoundException fex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("File not found exception : " + fex.Message);
        }
        catch (CompositionException cex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Composition exception : " + cex.Message);
        }
        catch (DirectoryNotFoundException dex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Directory not found exception : " + dex.Message);
        }

        return plugInList;
    }
}


public class PlugInInfo
{
    public string PlugInTitle { get; set; }
    public string PlugInDescription { get; set; }
    public string PlugInVersion { get; set; }
    public Icon PlugInIcon { get; set; }
    public IPlugIn PlugIn { get; set; }
}

现在向主窗体添加一个名为“listView1”的 ListView 控件,并将其保留在窗体的右侧。从插件动态创建的文本框将显示在左侧。


接下来添加一个名为“ContractInterfaces”的类项目,然后包含以下代码:

  • 使用 System.Windows.Forms;
  • (命名空间)ContractInterfaces

// Prerequisites to run:
//      1)  Project, Add Reference, .NET, "System.Windows.Forms"

public interface IPlugIn
{
    void StartPlugIn(Form mainForm);
}

public interface IPlugInMetadata
{
    string PlugInTitle { get; }
    string PlugInDescription { get; }
    string PlugInVersion { get; }
}

接下来添加一个名为“PlugInA”的类项目,然后包含以下代码:

  • 使用系统;
  • 使用 System.ComponentModel.Composition;
  • 使用 System.Windows.Forms;
  • 使用合同接口;
  • (命名空间)PluginA

    // Prerequisites to run:
//      1)  Project, Add Reference, Projects, "ContractInterface"
//      2)  Project, Add Reference, .NET, "System.Windows.Forms"
//      3)  Project, Add Reference, .NET, "System.ComponentModel.Composition"
//      4)  Project, Properties, Build Events, Post-Build event command line:
//          xcopy "$(ProjectDir)$(OutDir)$(TargetFileName)"  "$(SolutionDir)Plug-Ins\" /Y
//      5)  Project, Properties, Build Events, Run the post-build event:, Always
//      6)  Project, Properties, Application, Icon and manifest, [Select an icon]

[Export(typeof(IPlugIn))]
[PluginMetadata]
public class Program : IPlugIn
{
    private Form MainForm;

    public void StartPlugIn(Form mainForm)
    {
        MainForm = mainForm;

        // Place a TextBox on the Main Form
        TextBox textBox = new TextBox();
        textBox.Text = "PlugInA";
        MainForm.Controls.Add(textBox);
        textBox.Width = 65;
        textBox.Height = 20;
        textBox.Top = 0;
        textBox.Left = 0;
    }
}

// Create a custom strong-typed Metadata Attribute for MEF
[MetadataAttribute]
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false)]
public class PluginMetadataAttribute : ExportAttribute
{
    public string PlugInTitle { get; set; }
    public string PlugInDescription { get; set; }
    public object PlugInVersion { get; set; }

    public PluginMetadataAttribute()
        : base(typeof(IPlugInMetadata))
    {
        PlugInTitle = "Plug-In A";
        PlugInDescription = "This is Plug-In A";
        PlugInVersion = "1.0.0.0";
    }
}

接下来添加一个名为“PlugInB”的类项目,然后包含以下代码:

  • 使用系统;
  • 使用 System.ComponentModel.Composition;
  • 使用 System.Windows.Forms;
  • 使用合同接口;
  • (命名空间)PluginB

// Prerequisites to run:
//      1)  Project, Add Reference, Projects, "ContractInterface"
//      2)  Project, Add Reference, .NET, "System.Windows.Forms"
//      3)  Project, Add Reference, .NET, "System.ComponentModel.Composition"
//      4)  Project, Properties, Build Events, Post-Build event command line:
//          xcopy "$(ProjectDir)$(OutDir)$(TargetFileName)"  "$(SolutionDir)Plug-Ins\" /Y
//      5)  Project, Properties, Build Events, Run the post-build event:, Always
//      6)  Project, Properties, Application, Icon and manifest, [Select an icon]

[Export(typeof(IPlugIn))]
[PluginMetadata]
public class Program : IPlugIn
{
    private Form MainForm;

    public void StartPlugIn(Form mainForm)
    {
        MainForm = mainForm;

        // Place a TextBox on the Main Form
        TextBox textBox = new TextBox();
        textBox.Text = "PlugInB";
        MainForm.Controls.Add(textBox);
        textBox.Width = 65;
        textBox.Height = 20;
        textBox.Top = 30;
        textBox.Left = 0;
    }
}

// Create a custom strong-typed Metadata Attribute for MEF
[MetadataAttribute]
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false)]
public class PluginMetadataAttribute : ExportAttribute
{
    public string PlugInTitle { get; set; }
    public string PlugInDescription { get; set; }
    public object PlugInVersion { get; set; }

    public PluginMetadataAttribute()
        : base(typeof(IPlugInMetadata))
    {
        PlugInTitle = "Plug-In B";
        PlugInDescription = "This is Plug-In B";
        PlugInVersion = "1.0.0.1";
    }
}

接下来添加一个名为“PlugInC”的类项目,然后包含以下代码:

  • 使用系统;
  • 使用 System.ComponentModel.Composition;
  • 使用 System.Windows.Forms;
  • 使用合同接口;
  • (命名空间)插件

// Prerequisites to run:
//      1)  Project, Add Reference, Projects, "ContractInterface"
//      2)  Project, Add Reference, .NET, "System.Windows.Forms"
//      3)  Project, Add Reference, .NET, "System.ComponentModel.Composition"
//      4)  Project, Properties, Build Events, Post-Build event command line:
//          xcopy "$(ProjectDir)$(OutDir)$(TargetFileName)"  "$(SolutionDir)Plug-Ins\" /Y
//      5)  Project, Properties, Build Events, Run the post-build event:, Always
//      6)  Project, Properties, Application, Icon and manifest, [Select an icon]

[Export(typeof(IPlugIn))]
[PluginMetadata]
public class Program : IPlugIn
{
    private Form MainForm;

    public void StartPlugIn(Form mainForm)
    {
        MainForm = mainForm;

        // Place a TextBox on the Main Form
        TextBox textBox = new TextBox();
        textBox.Text = "PlugInC";
        MainForm.Controls.Add(textBox);
        textBox.Width = 65;
        textBox.Height = 20;
        textBox.Top = 60;
        textBox.Left = 0;
    }
}

// Create a custom strong-typed Metadata Attribute for MEF
[MetadataAttribute]
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false)]
public class PluginMetadataAttribute : ExportAttribute
{
    public string PlugInTitle { get; set; }
    public string PlugInDescription { get; set; }
    public object PlugInVersion { get; set; }

    public PluginMetadataAttribute()
        : base(typeof(IPlugInMetadata))
    {
        PlugInTitle = "Plug-In C";
        PlugInDescription = "This is Plug-In C";
        PlugInVersion = "1.0.0.2";
    }
}

解决方案应如下所示:

解决方案


右键单击解决方案,然后选择“项目依赖项...”。设置依赖项如下:

  • MainProgram - 取决于 - ContractInterface
  • PlugInA - 取决于 - ContractInterface
  • PlugInB - 取决于 - ContractInterface
  • PlugInC - 取决于 - ContractInterface
  • ContractInterface - 取决于 - [无]

右键单击解决方案,然后选择“项目构建顺序...”。构建顺序应如下所示:

  1. 合同界面
  2. 插件A
  3. 插件B
  4. 插件
  5. 主程序

构建并运行程序。您应该会看到 3 个 DLL 文件已复制到与解决方案文件 (*.sln) 位于同一目录级别的新“插件”文件夹中。如果没有,请检查项目构建顺序、依赖关系,以及您是否根据上面插件代码中的注释输入了构建后事件。如果文件在那里,那么 ListView 应该在表单中填充插件条目。双击每个 ListView 条目以启动插件。

玩得开心,我希望这对某人有帮助......

于 2013-02-01T23:51:19.477 回答