9

我正在使用 Windows 8 样式(以前称为 Metro)创建 WPF 按钮。

我希望按钮的聚焦状态以纯色背景显示。当鼠标悬停在控件上时,我希望背景稍微变暗以创建可以单击按钮的视觉提示。

不幸的是,我在下面编写的 XAML 不起作用。聚焦状态正确显示,但是当鼠标悬停在控件上时,背景不会像我希望的那样变暗。

<Color x:Key="DoxCycleGreen">
    #FF8DC63F
</Color>

<!-- Soft Interface : DoxCycle Green --> 
<Color x:Key="DoxCycleGreenSoft">
    #FFC0DC8F
</Color>

<Style x:Key="MetroButton" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
    <Setter Property="FocusVisualStyle" Value="{x:Null}"/>
    <Setter Property="Template">
        <Setter.Value>
            <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
                <Border Name="RootElement">
                    <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
                        <VisualStateGroup Name="CommonStates">
                            <VisualState Name="Normal" />
                            <VisualState Name="MouseOver">
                                <Storyboard>
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundColor" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="White" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                </Storyboard>
                            </VisualState>
                            <VisualState Name="Focused">
                                <Storyboard>
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundColor" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreenSoft}" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="White" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                </Storyboard>
                            </VisualState>
                            <VisualState Name="Pressed">
                                <Storyboard>
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundColor" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="Transparent" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                </Storyboard>
                            </VisualState>
                            <VisualState Name="Disabled">
                                <Storyboard>
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BorderColor" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="DarkGray" Duration="0:0:0.1" />
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="DarkGray" Duration="0:0:0.1" />                                        
                                </Storyboard>
                            </VisualState>
                        </VisualStateGroup>
                    </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>


                    <Grid Background="Transparent" >
                        <Border BorderThickness="1,1,1,1" Padding="2">
                            <Border.BorderBrush>
                                <SolidColorBrush x:Name="BorderColor" Color="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}"/>
                            </Border.BorderBrush>
                            <Border.Background>
                                <SolidColorBrush x:Name="BackgroundColor" Color="White"/>
                            </Border.Background>

                            <ContentPresenter 
                                              x:Name="ContentSite" 
                                              VerticalAlignment="Center" 
                                              HorizontalAlignment="Center" 
                                              ContentSource="Content">
                                <TextBlock.Foreground>
                                    <SolidColorBrush x:Name="FontColor" Color="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}"/>
                                </TextBlock.Foreground>
                            </ContentPresenter>
                        </Border>
                    </Grid>
                </Border>
            </ControlTemplate>
        </Setter.Value>
    </Setter>
</Style>
4

2 回答 2

24

我现在已经测试了你的代码。你在这里有几个问题。但主要问题是 WPF 控件一次只能处于特定状态组的一种视觉状态。 在您遇到的情况下,控件既可以聚焦也可以鼠标悬停,WPF 必须选择应用哪个状态(它不能同时应用两个状态,因为它们在同一个状态组中)。所以在这种情况下,它只是将其保持在 Focused 状态,而不是将其发送到 MouseOver 状态。

如果每个状态都在不同的状态组中,则控件可以处于多个状态。从此文档

每个 VisualStateGroup 都包含一组互斥的 VisualState 对象。也就是说,控件始终处于每个 VisualStateGroup 中的一种状态。

因此,我们纠正此代码的第一步是包含适当的状态组,使按钮能够显示其 Focused 状态,然后显示其 MouseOver 状态(此更改可以纠正其他可能性,但这就是您在特别是您以前的方法没有得到)。

为此,我们需要小心地正确命名我们的州组和(尤其是)我们的州名。这是因为 Button 类的内部代码可能会发出类似的调用VisualStateManager.GoToState(this, "VerySpecificStateName", true);(我没有检查 Button 类的实际源代码来验证这一点,但是在我需要启动状态更改的地方编写了自定义控件,我知道它一定是这样的)。为了获得我们需要的状态组和状态名称的列表,我们可以使用 Expression Blend 来“编辑”控制模板的副本(它将为我们填充所需的状态),或者在这里找到它们. 该文档向我们展示了我们需要一个名为“FocusStates”的状态组和该组中的两个状态,称为“Focused”和“Unfocused”(以及其他状态组和状态)。顺便说一句,为了说明 Button 类如何通过这些特定的命名状态来启动其状态更改,如果您通过将“Focus”状态名称替换为“MisspelledFocus”来更改原始代码,您将看到您的按钮永远不会进入状态。

实施第一个更改,我们最终可能会得到类似的结果:

<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
    <VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
        <VisualState x:Name="Normal" />
        <VisualState x:Name="MouseOver">
            <Storyboard>
                <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundColor" 
                                                Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                To="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor"                                           Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                To="White" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
            </Storyboard>
        </VisualState>
        <VisualState x:Name="Pressed">
            <Storyboard>
                <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundColor" 
                                                Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                To="Transparent" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" 
                                                Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                To="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
            </Storyboard>
          </VisualState>
          <VisualState x:Name="Disabled">
              <Storyboard>
                <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BorderColor" 
                                                Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="DarkGray" Duration="0:0:0.1" />
                <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" 
                                                Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="DarkGray" Duration="0:0:0.1" />                                        
              </Storyboard>
          </VisualState>
      </VisualStateGroup>
  <!-- Focus States -->
      <VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates">
            <VisualState x:Name="Focused">
                <Storyboard>
                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundColor" 
                                                Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                To="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreenSoft}" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" 
                                                Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                To="White" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                  </Storyboard>
            </VisualState>
            <VisualState x:Name="Unfocused"/>
       </VisualStateGroup>
  </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>

这在一定程度上解决了问题。但是,如果您在 Expression Blend 中查看此内容,您会注意到状态组标题中的警告:

关于在多个状态组中更改相同对象属性的 Expression Blend 警告

我们收到此警告是因为我们在多个状态组中更改了相同属性/对象对的值 - 在本例中是名为“BackgroundColor”的对象的“Color”属性。为什么这会是一个问题?因为我之前说过 - 如果这些状态位于不同的状态组中,一个控件可以同时处于多个状态。因此,如果用户已经给了按钮焦点并且用户也将鼠标悬停在按钮上,那么 WPF 可能会不清楚要应用哪个动画,因为两种状态都表示要以不同的方式为相同的属性设置动画。

此外,这第一个更改并没有完全得到我们想要的。如果您尝试给按钮焦点,然后将鼠标悬停在它上面,它会正确地从“正常”变为“焦点”,再到“鼠标悬停”。但是,如果您现在停止悬停,您会看到该按钮不会返回到“Focused”状态。

您可以使用多种方法来解决此问题并实现与您想要的类似的东西,但作为示例,我们可以做这样的事情。(这可能不是最干净的实现,但它修复了常见的对象/属性问题。):

<Color x:Key="DoxCycleGreen">
    #FF8DC63F
</Color>

<SolidColorBrush x:Key="DoxCycleGreenBrush" Color="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}" />

<!-- Soft Interface : DoxCycle Green --> 
<Color x:Key="DoxCycleGreenSoft">
    #FFC0DC8F
</Color>

<SolidColorBrush x:Key="DoxCycleGreenSoftBrush" Color="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreenSoft}" />

<Style x:Key="ButtonStyle1" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
    <Setter Property="FocusVisualStyle" Value="{x:Null}"/>
    <Setter Property="Template">
        <Setter.Value>
            <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
                <Border Name="RootElement">
                    <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
                        <VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
                            <VisualState x:Name="Normal" />
                            <VisualState x:Name="MouseOver">
                                <Storyboard>
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundColor" 
                                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                    To="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" 
                                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                    To="White" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                    <DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.Opacity)" Storyboard.TargetName="MouseOverBorder">
                                        <EasingDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="1"/>
                                    </DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                                </Storyboard>
                            </VisualState>
                            <VisualState x:Name="Pressed">
                                <Storyboard>
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundColor" 
                                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                    To="Transparent" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" 
                                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                    To="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                </Storyboard>
                            </VisualState>
                            <VisualState x:Name="Disabled">
                                <Storyboard>
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BorderColor" 
                                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="DarkGray" Duration="0:0:0.1" />
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" 
                                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="DarkGray" Duration="0:0:0.1" />                                        
                                </Storyboard>
                            </VisualState>
                        </VisualStateGroup>
                        <!-- Focus States -->
                        <VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates">
                            <VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
                                <VisualTransition GeneratedDuration="0:0:0.15"/>
                            </VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
                            <VisualState x:Name="Focused">
                                <Storyboard>

                                    <DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.Opacity)" 
                                                                   Storyboard.TargetName="FocusBorder">
                                        <EasingDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="1"/>
                                    </DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                                    <DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.Opacity)" Storyboard.TargetName="ContentSiteWhiteForeground">
                                        <EasingDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="1"/>
                                    </DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                                </Storyboard>
                            </VisualState>
                            <VisualState x:Name="Unfocused"/>
                        </VisualStateGroup>
                    </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>


                    <Grid Background="Transparent" >
                        <Border x:Name="BaseBorder" BorderThickness="1,1,1,1">
                            <Border.BorderBrush>
                                <SolidColorBrush x:Name="BorderColor" Color="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}"/>
                            </Border.BorderBrush>
                            <Border.Background>
                                <SolidColorBrush x:Name="BackgroundColor" Color="White"/>
                            </Border.Background>
                        </Border>
                        <Border x:Name="FocusBorder" 
                                BorderThickness="1,1,1,1" 
                                Background="{DynamicResource DoxCycleGreenSoftBrush}" 
                                Opacity="0" />

                        <Border x:Name="MouseOverBorder" 
                                BorderThickness="1,1,1,1"
                                Background="{DynamicResource DoxCycleGreenBrush}" 
                                Opacity="0" />

                        <ContentPresenter 
                            x:Name="ContentSite" 
                            VerticalAlignment="Center" 
                            HorizontalAlignment="Center" 
                            ContentSource="Content" Margin="2">
                            <TextBlock.Foreground>
                                <SolidColorBrush x:Name="FontColor" Color="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}"/>
                            </TextBlock.Foreground>
                        </ContentPresenter>

                        <ContentPresenter 
                            x:Name="ContentSiteWhiteForeground"

                            VerticalAlignment="Center" 
                            HorizontalAlignment="Center" 
                            ContentSource="Content" Margin="2" Opacity="0">
                            <TextBlock.Foreground>
                                <SolidColorBrush Color="White" />
                            </TextBlock.Foreground>
                        </ContentPresenter>
                    </Grid>
                </Border>
            </ControlTemplate>
        </Setter.Value>
    </Setter>
</Style>

现在您会看到我们已经消除了 WPF 的歧义。我们看到它现在可以正确处理从“Normal”到“Focus”到“MouseOver”再回到“Focus”的状态变化的情况。

于 2013-02-01T19:23:16.710 回答
1

这是对杰森答案的一个小修改。事实证明,他使用两个 ContentPresenter 的方法破坏了快捷键的操作。我做了一个小的调整......快捷键现在可以工作了,但是过渡动画不太好......

<Style x:Key="MetroButton" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
    <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="true"/>
    <Setter Property="OverridesDefaultStyle" Value="true"/>
    <Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="23"/>
    <Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="75"/>
    <Setter Property="FocusVisualStyle" Value="{x:Null}"/>
    <Setter Property="Template">
        <Setter.Value>
            <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
                <Border Name="RootElement">
                    <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
                        <VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
                            <VisualState x:Name="Normal" />
                            <VisualState x:Name="MouseOver">
                                <Storyboard>
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundColor" 
                                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                    To="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" 
                                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                    To="White" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                    <DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.Opacity)" Storyboard.TargetName="MouseOverBorder">
                                        <EasingDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="1"/>
                                    </DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                                </Storyboard>
                            </VisualState>
                            <VisualState x:Name="Pressed">
                                <Storyboard>
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BackgroundColor" 
                                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                    To="Transparent" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" 
                                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" 
                                                    To="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}" Duration="0:0:0.150" />
                                </Storyboard>
                            </VisualState>
                            <VisualState x:Name="Disabled">
                                <Storyboard>
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="BorderColor" 
                                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="DarkGray" Duration="0:0:0.1" />
                                    <ColorAnimation Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" 
                                                    Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color" To="DarkGray" Duration="0:0:0.1" />                                        
                                </Storyboard>
                            </VisualState>
                        </VisualStateGroup>
                        <!-- Focus States -->
                        <VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates">
                            <VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
                                <VisualTransition GeneratedDuration="0:0:0.15"/>
                            </VisualStateGroup.Transitions>
                            <VisualState x:Name="Focused">
                                <Storyboard>
                                    <DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.Opacity)" 
                                                                   Storyboard.TargetName="FocusBorder">
                                        <EasingDoubleKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="1"/>
                                    </DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                                    <ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetName="FontColor" Storyboard.TargetProperty="Color">
                                        <EasingColorKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="White"/>
                                    </ColorAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
                                </Storyboard>
                            </VisualState>
                            <VisualState x:Name="Unfocused"/>
                        </VisualStateGroup>
                    </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>

                    <Grid Background="Transparent" >
                        <Border x:Name="BaseBorder" BorderThickness="1,1,1,1">
                            <Border.BorderBrush>
                                <SolidColorBrush x:Name="BorderColor" Color="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}"/>
                            </Border.BorderBrush>
                            <Border.Background>
                                <SolidColorBrush x:Name="BackgroundColor" Color="White"/>
                            </Border.Background>
                        </Border>
                        <Border x:Name="FocusBorder" 
                                BorderThickness="1" 
                                Background="{DynamicResource DoxCycleGreenSoftBrush}" 
                                Opacity="0" />

                        <Border x:Name="MouseOverBorder" 
                                BorderThickness="1"
                                Background="{DynamicResource DoxCycleGreenBrush}" 
                                Opacity="0" />

                        <ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentSite" 
                                          VerticalAlignment="Center" 
                                          HorizontalAlignment="Center" 
                                          RecognizesAccessKey="True"
                                          ContentSource="Content" Margin="8,4">
                            <TextBlock.Foreground>
                                <SolidColorBrush x:Name="FontColor" Color="{StaticResource DoxCycleGreen}"/>
                            </TextBlock.Foreground>
                        </ContentPresenter>
                    </Grid>
                </Border>
            </ControlTemplate>
        </Setter.Value>
    </Setter>
</Style>
于 2013-02-07T23:47:42.967 回答