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我正在尝试构建一个相对简单的搜索表单，允许用户搜索三个搜索字段之一或三个搜索字段的任意组合。结果应根据给定的术语过滤查询集。这是我来自 search_form.html 的表单：

<form class="form-horizontal" action="/search/" method="get">
    <legend>Generate a Quiz:</legend>
    <div class="control-group">
        <label class="control-label" for="q">Search term</label>
        <div class="controls">
            <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search term" autocomplete="on"/>
        </div>
    </div>  
    <div class="control-group">
        <label class="control-label" for="yr">Year</label>
        <div class="controls">
            <input type="text" name="yr" placeholder="Year" autocomplete="on"/>
        </div>
    </div>  
    <div class="control-group">
        <label class="control-label" for="ct">Category</label>
        <div class="controls">
            <input type="text" name="ct" placeholder="Category" autocomplete="on"/>
        </div>
    </div>  
    <div class="controls">
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Fetch  &raquo;</button>
    </div>          
</form>

这是我的观点：

def search(request):
    error = False
    if 'q' in request.GET:
        q = request.GET['q']
        yr = request.GET['yr']
        ct = request.GET['ct']
        if not ((q or yr) or ct):
            error = True
        else:
            question_set = Uroquiz.objects.filter(question__icontains=q).filter(year=yr).filter(cat_icontains=ct)
            paginator = Paginator(question_set, 1)
            page = request.GET.get('page')

            try:
                question_set = paginator.page(page)
            except PageNotAnInteger:
                question_set = paginator.page(1)
            except EmptyPage:
                question_set = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
            return render_to_response('search_results.html',
                {'question': question_set, 'query': q, 'year': yr, 'ct': ct})
    return render_to_response('search_form.html', {'error': error})

问题：

  1. 当我只用'q'文件构建它时，它工作得很好。当我将“yr”字段链接到我的过滤器时，只要表格中输入了一年，它就可以正常工作。如果年份（我的数据库中的一个整数字段）为空，它将为 int() 以 10 为底的 ValueError 无效文字：''。

  2. 当我在“ct”字段中链接并尝试搜索所有字段时，出现错误：无法将关键字“cat_icontains”解析为字段。我可以将过滤器更改为 (cat=ct) 并且它工作正常，但我应该能够在我的数据库中的“cat”字段上使用 _icontains。我确定我缺少一些基本的东西，感谢您的帮助。

更新：这是我目前基于以下答案的解决方案，允许搜索任何字段组合：

def search(request):
    q = request.GET.get('q')
    yr = request.GET.get('yr', 0)
    ct = request.GET.get('ct')
    question_set = Uroquiz.objects.all()

    if q:
        if not (yr or ct):
            question_set = Uroquiz.objects.filter(question__icontains=q)
    if yr:
        if not (q or ct):
            question_set = Uroquiz.objects.filter(year=yr)
    if ct:
        if not (q or yr):
            question_set = Uroquiz.objects.filter(cat__icontains=ct)
    if (q and yr):
        if not ct:
            question_set = Uroquiz.objects.filter(question__icontains=q).filter(year=yr)
    if (q and ct):
        if not yr:
            question_set = Uroquiz.objects.filter(question__icontains=q).filter(cat__icontains=ct)
    if (yr and ct):
        if not q:
            question_set = Uroquiz.objects.filter(year=yr).filter(cat__icontains=ct)
    if ((q and yr) and ct):
        question_set = Uroquiz.objects.filter(question__icontains=q).filter(year=yr).filter(cat__icontains=ct)
    if not ((q or yr) or ct):
        return render_to_response('search_form.html')
    paginator = Paginator(question_set, 1)
    page = request.GET.get('page')
    try:
        question_set = paginator.page(page)
    except PageNotAnInteger:
        question_set = paginator.page(1)
    except EmptyPage:
        question_set = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)
    return render_to_response('search_results.html',
        {'question': question_set, 'query': q, 'yr': yr, 'ct': ct})

这似乎是解决这个问题的“忙碌”方式。是否有更惯用/pythonic 的方式来完成此搜索结果？

4

2 回答 2

4

不保证用户将提交q、yr和ct。您不能信任您的用户数据。如果用户没有提交任何这些参数，我认为这将导致错误KeyError

您可以使用这些设置默认值get

    q = request.GET.get('q')
    yr = request.GET.get('yr', 0)
    ct = request.GET.get('ct')

您也可以在找到每个参数时构建您的查询集。记住查询集是惰性的

question_set = Uroquiz.objects.all()    
q = request.GET.get('q')
if q:
  question_set = question_set.filter(question__icontains=q)
etc

对于您的第二个问题，我相信它是与语法相关cat__icontains的 2 个下划线（而不是filter(cat_icontains=ct), 就像您在代码中所使用的那样）

于 2013-01-31T13:46:43.290 回答
1 
def search(request):
    q, yr, ct = "", "", ""
    question_set = Uroquiz.objects.filter()

    if request.GET.get('q'):
        question_set = question_set.filter(question__icontains=q)

    if request.GET.get('yr'):
        question_set = question_set.filter(year=yr)

    if request.GET.get('ct'):
        question_set = .filter(cat__icontains=ct)

    paginator = Paginator(question_set, 10)

    try:
        page = int(request.GET.get('page', '1'))
    except ValueError:
        page = 1

    try:
        question_set = paginator.page(page)
    except (EmptyPage, InvalidPage):
        question_set = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)

    return render_to_response('search_results.html',
        {'question': question_set, 'query': q, 'year': yr, 'ct': ct})
于 2013-01-31T13:50:11.093 回答