实现您自己的异步信号安全snprintf("%d
并使用write
它没有我想象的那么糟糕,如何在 C 中将 int 转换为字符串?有几个实现。
下面的 POSIX 程序将迄今为止接收到 SIGINT 的次数计入标准输出,您可以使用Ctrl + C
.
Ctrl + \
您可以使用(SIGQUIT)退出程序。
主.c:
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
#include <assert.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
/* Calculate the minimal buffer size for a given type.
*
* Here we overestimate and reserve 8 chars per byte.
*
* With this size we could even print a binary string.
*
* - +1 for NULL terminator
* - +1 for '-' sign
*
* A tight limit for base 10 can be found at:
* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8257714/how-to-convert-an-int-to-string-in-c/32871108#32871108
*
* TODO: get tight limits for all bases, possibly by looking into
* glibc's atoi: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/190229/where-is-the-itoa-function-in-linux/52127877#52127877
*/
#define ITOA_SAFE_STRLEN(type) sizeof(type) * CHAR_BIT + 2
/* async-signal-safe implementation of integer to string conversion.
*
* Null terminates the output string.
*
* The input buffer size must be large enough to contain the output,
* the caller must calculate it properly.
*
* @param[out] value Input integer value to convert.
* @param[out] result Buffer to output to.
* @param[in] base Base to convert to.
* @return Pointer to the end of the written string.
*/
char *itoa_safe(intmax_t value, char *result, int base) {
intmax_t tmp_value;
char *ptr, *ptr2, tmp_char;
if (base < 2 || base > 36) {
return NULL;
}
ptr = result;
do {
tmp_value = value;
value /= base;
*ptr++ = "ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA9876543210123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"[35 + (tmp_value - value * base)];
} while (value);
if (tmp_value < 0)
*ptr++ = '-';
ptr2 = result;
result = ptr;
*ptr-- = '\0';
while (ptr2 < ptr) {
tmp_char = *ptr;
*ptr--= *ptr2;
*ptr2++ = tmp_char;
}
return result;
}
volatile sig_atomic_t global = 0;
void signal_handler(int sig) {
char buf[ITOA_SAFE_STRLEN(sig_atomic_t)];
enum { base = 10 };
char *end;
end = itoa_safe(global, buf, base);
*end = '\n';
write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, end - buf + 1);
global += 1;
signal(sig, signal_handler);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
/* Unit test itoa_safe. */
{
typedef struct {
intmax_t n;
int base;
char out[1024];
} InOut;
char result[1024];
size_t i;
InOut io;
InOut ios[] = {
/* Base 10. */
{0, 10, "0"},
{1, 10, "1"},
{9, 10, "9"},
{10, 10, "10"},
{100, 10, "100"},
{-1, 10, "-1"},
{-9, 10, "-9"},
{-10, 10, "-10"},
{-100, 10, "-100"},
/* Base 2. */
{0, 2, "0"},
{1, 2, "1"},
{10, 2, "1010"},
{100, 2, "1100100"},
{-1, 2, "-1"},
{-100, 2, "-1100100"},
/* Base 35. */
{0, 35, "0"},
{1, 35, "1"},
{34, 35, "Y"},
{35, 35, "10"},
{100, 35, "2U"},
{-1, 35, "-1"},
{-34, 35, "-Y"},
{-35, 35, "-10"},
{-100, 35, "-2U"},
};
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(ios)/sizeof(ios[0]); ++i) {
io = ios[i];
itoa_safe(io.n, result, io.base);
if (strcmp(result, io.out)) {
printf("%ju %d %s\n", io.n, io.base, io.out);
assert(0);
}
}
}
/* Handle the signals. */
if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "1")) {
signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);
while(1);
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
编译并运行:
gcc -std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -o main main.c
./main 1
按 Ctrl + C 十五次后,终端显示:
^C0
^C1
^C2
^C3
^C4
^C5
^C6
^C7
^C8
^C9
^C10
^C11
^C12
^C13
^C14
这是一个创建更复杂格式字符串的相关程序:如何避免在信号处理程序中使用 printf?
在 Ubuntu 18.04 上测试。GitHub 上游.