c++ - QML 中的附加属性

Question

我可以为像组件这样的所有属性创建自己的附件吗？

Item{
    Component.onCompleted : {} // Component is attached to everyone Items
}

Answer 1

您可能无法将属性附加到您未创建的项目或组件。但是你为什么要这样做呢？

相反，您可以考虑使用信号和全局属性。

对于可以从任何地方访问的全局属性，您可以设置声明性视图的根上下文的上下文属性。

IE，

QmlApplicationViewer viewer;
MyPropertyClass myProp;
viewer->rootContext()->setContextProperty("MyPropClass", &myProp);

现在，在您的 QML 文件中，您可以访问此类的属性

Rectangle {
    Text {
        text: MyPropClass.getMyPropText()
    }
    MouseArea {
        onClicked: { MyPropClass.text = "Clicked" }
    }
}

这将从 MyPropertyClass 调用 Q_INVOKABLE 方法 getMyPropText()。并且 Q_PROPERTY 'text' 可以在发出某些信号时设置。

你需要这件衣服吗？

Answer 2

是的，例如：

#include <QQmlEngine>
#include <QTimer>

class TestAttached : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
    // Declare property with setter and getter
    Q_PROPERTY(int val READ getVal WRITE setVal)
public:
    TestAttached() Q_DECL_EQ_DEFAULT;
    explicit TestAttached(QObject *parent):
        QObject{parent},
        m_val{100500}
    {
        Q_ASSERT(parent);
        qDebug() << "* We just have created the object of attached properties for" << parent->metaObject()->className();
    }
    ~TestAttached() Q_DECL_EQ_DEFAULT;
    
    // define static function qmlAttachedProperties(QObject *object)
    // which returns pointer to instance of TestAttached class
    static TestAttached *qmlAttachedProperties(QObject *object)
    {
        TestAttached* testAttached { new TestAttached{object} };
        QTimer* timer { new QTimer{testAttached} };
        connect(timer, &QTimer::timeout,
        [testAttached] {
            testAttached->setVal(testAttached->getVal()+1);
            emit testAttached->testDone(testAttached->getVal());
        });
        timer->start(3000);
        return testAttached;
    }

    inline int getVal() const
    {
        return m_val;
    }
    inline void setVal(int val)
    {
        m_val = val;
    }

signals:
    void testDone(int val);

private:
    int m_val;
};
// Makes the type TestAttached known to QMetaType (for using with QVariant)
QML_DECLARE_TYPE(TestAttached)
// declares that the TestAttached supports attached properties.
QML_DECLARE_TYPEINFO(TestAttached, QML_HAS_ATTACHED_PROPERTIES)

在 QML 系统中注册附加类型（例如 at main.cpp）：

qmlRegisterUncreatableType<TestAttached>("my.test", 1, 0, "Test", QObject::tr("Test is an abstract type that is only available as an attached property."));

并尝试main.qml：

import QtQuick 2.15
import QtQuick.Window 2.15
//import our module
import my.test 1.0

Window {
    width: 640
    height: 480
    visible: true
    title: qsTr("Hello World of Attached properties")

    Rectangle {
        color: focus ? Qt.lighter("red") : "red"
        width: parent.width/2; height: parent.height
        anchors.left: parent.left
        Component.onCompleted: {
            console.log("Rectangle is completed", Test.val)
        }
        Keys.onReturnPressed: {
            console.log("Rect 1: Attachet value is", Test.val)
        }

        Test.val: 20000

        Test.onTestDone: function(num) {
            console.log("We received", num, "from attached object")
        }

        MouseArea {
            anchors.fill: parent
            onClicked: parent.focus = true
        }
    }

    Rectangle {
        color: focus ? Qt.lighter("blue") : "blue"
        width: parent.width/2; height: parent.height
        anchors.right: parent.right
        focus: true

        Keys.onReturnPressed: {
            // The attached object will created after return pressed
            console.log("Rect 2: Attachet value is", Test.val)
        }

        MouseArea {
            anchors.fill: parent
            onClicked: parent.focus = true
        }
    }
}