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我在运行 arch linux 的树莓派上的路由表有一个奇怪的问题。

greg@pi etc]$ uname -a
Linux pi 3.6.11-2-ARCH+ #1 PREEMPT Mon Dec 31 23:00:25 UTC 2012 armv6l GNU/Linux

我有一个静态 IP 地址的 pi 设置。使用 netcfg 和 net-auto-wired 服务。

我还使用 nmbd 服务作为 samba 的一部分，以允许我通过其主机名 ping 设备奇怪的是，我分配给设备的静态 ip 不是我在通过主机名通信时收到回复的 ip。

查看路由表似乎暗示了问题：

[greg@pi ~]$ ip route show
default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0
default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0  metric 204
192.168.0.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0
192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.20  metric 204
[greg@pi ~]$

我的界面设置：

[greg@pi ~]$ ifconfig -a
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.3  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::ba27:ebff:fec9:1caf  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether b8:27:eb:c9:1c:af  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1127  bytes 93818 (91.6 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 3  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 684  bytes 76203 (74.4 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ifb0: flags=130<BROADCAST,NOARP>  mtu 1500
        ether e2:bb:30:e7:d0:8a  txqueuelen 32  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ifb1: flags=130<BROADCAST,NOARP>  mtu 1500
        ether 8a:e3:26:d4:38:b8  txqueuelen 32  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 16436
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 20  bytes 1890 (1.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 20  bytes 1890 (1.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

从网络上的另一台电脑上，我验证了两个 IP 都指向同一个接口（它们具有相同的物理地址）。

通信工作示例：

[2013-01-22 00:37.47]  ~
[GKuhn.GKUHN-L01] ? ping pi

Pinging pi [192.168.1.20] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.20: bytes=32 time=36ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.1.20: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.1.20: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.1.20: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=64

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.20:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 36ms, Average = 12ms

[2013-01-22 00:37.54]  ~
[GKuhn.GKUHN-L01] ? ping 192.168.1.3

Pinging 192.168.1.3 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.1.3: bytes=32 time=26ms TTL=64

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.3:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 2ms, Maximum = 26ms, Average = 8ms

现在正如我所说，这个设置仍然有效。但我很困惑，想知道a）这实际上是如何工作的b）如何解决它

PS 查看我的日志（以下来自“everything.log”）我看到更多对 dhcpcd 的引用

Jan  1 01:00:09 pi dhcpcd[108]: eth0: rebinding lease of 192.168.1.20
Jan  1 01:00:10 pi dhcpcd[108]: eth0: acknowledged 192.168.1.20 from 192.168.1.1
Jan  1 01:00:10 pi dhcpcd[108]: eth0: checking for 192.168.1.20
Jan  1 01:00:14 pi dhcpcd[108]: eth0: leased 192.168.1.20 for 3600 seconds

但是我没有此过程的自定义配置。任何关于我应该在哪里调试的建议将不胜感激。

更多细节：覆盆子连接到 edimax wifi usb 加密狗，所以我在设置它时也考虑到了这个接口。我一直使用拱形无线设置页面作为指南。

我安装了 wireless_tools、dhcpcd（如果还没有的话，我不记得了）和 netcfg。我还安装了 net-auto-wired 和 net-auto-wireless，希望连接能够根据插入的连接正常工作。

下面是相关的配置文件：

[greg@pi multi-user.target.wants]$ pwd
/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants
[greg@pi multi-user.target.wants]$ ls
cronie.service          openntpd.service  sshdgenkeys.service
dhcpcd@eth0.service     remote-fs.target  syslog-ng.service
net-auto-wired.service  smbd.service
nmbd.service            sshd.service
[greg@pi multi-user.target.wants]$

dhcpcd@eth0.service：

[greg@pi multi-user.target.wants]$ cat dhcpcd\@eth0.service
[Unit]
Description=dhcpcd on %I
Wants=network.target
Before=network.target
BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device
After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/dhcpcd-%I.pid
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/dhcpcd -q -w %I
ExecStop=/usr/sbin/dhcpcd -x %I

[Install]
Alias=multi-user.target.wants/dhcpcd@eth0.service

网络自动连线服务：

[greg@pi multi-user.target.wants]$ cat net-auto-wired.service
[Unit]
Description=Provides automatic netcfg wired connection

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/conf.d/netcfg
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ifplugd -i $WIRED_INTERFACE -r /etc/ifplugd/netcfg.action -fIns
ExecStop=/usr/bin/netcfg iface-down $WIRED_INTERFACE

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[greg@pi multi-user.target.wants]$

[greg@pi network.d]$ pwd
/etc/network.d
[greg@pi network.d]$ ls
ethernet-static  examples  interfaces  wlan0-xxx
[greg@pi network.d]$ cat wlan0-xxx
CONNECTION='wireless'
DESCRIPTION='Automatically generated profile by wifi-menu'
INTERFACE='wlan0'
SECURITY='wpa'
ESSID=xxx
IP='dhcp'
KEY=xxx
[greg@pi network.d]$ cat ethernet-static
CONNECTION='ethernet'
DESCRIPTION='A basic static ethernet connection using iproute'
INTERFACE='eth0'
IP='static'
ADDR='192.168.1.3'
ROUTES=('192.168.0.0/24 via 192.168.1.1')
GATEWAY='192.168.1.1'
DNS=('192.168.1.1')

## For IPv6 autoconfiguration
#IP6=stateless

## For IPv6 static address configuration
#IP6='static'
#ADDR6=('1234:5678:9abc:def::1/64' '1234:3456::123/96')
#ROUTES6=('abcd::1234')
#GATEWAY6='1234:0:123::abcd'
[greg@pi network.d]$

[greg@pi log]$ cat /etc/dhcpcd.conf
# A sample configuration for dhcpcd.
# See dhcpcd.conf(5) for details.

# Inform the DHCP server of our hostname for DDNS.
hostname
# To share the DHCP lease across OSX and Windows a ClientID is needed.
# Enabling this may get a different lease than the kernel DHCP client.
# Some upstream DHCP servers may also require a ClientID, such as FRITZ!Box.
#clientid

# A list of options to request from the DHCP server.
option domain_name_servers, domain_name, domain_search, host_name
option classless_static_routes
# Most distributions have NTP support.
option ntp_servers
# Respect the network MTU.
option interface_mtu
# A ServerID is required by RFC2131.
require dhcp_server_identifier

# A hook script is provided to lookup the hostname if not set by the DHCP
# server, but it should not be run by default.
nohook lookup-hostname
noipv4ll

#static dns lookup address
#nohook resolv.conf
[greg@pi log]$

如果有什么我遗漏的，请告诉我，我会发布的。

systemctl 报告的服务摘要：

[greg@pi ~]$ systemctl > services
[greg@pi ~]$ cat services
UNIT                        LOAD   ACTIVE SUB       DESCRIPTION
proc-sys...t_misc.automount loaded active running   Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point
sys-devi...y-ttyAMA0.device loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/dev:f1/tty/ttyAMA0
sys-devi...-net-eth0.device loaded active plugged   ec00
sys-devi...mmcblk0p1.device loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:e624/block/mmcblk0/mmcblk0p1
sys-devi...mmcblk0p2.device loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:e624/block/mmcblk0/mmcblk0p2
sys-devi...k-mmcblk0.device loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/platform/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:e624/block/mmcblk0
sys-devi...-net-ifb0.device loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/net/ifb0
sys-devi...-net-ifb1.device loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/net/ifb1
sys-devi...ttyprintk.device loaded active plugged   /sys/devices/virtual/tty/ttyprintk
sys-module-configfs.device  loaded active plugged   /sys/module/configfs
sys-subs...ices-eth0.device loaded active plugged   ec00
sys-subs...ices-ifb0.device loaded active plugged   /sys/subsystem/net/devices/ifb0
sys-subs...ices-ifb1.device loaded active plugged   /sys/subsystem/net/devices/ifb1
-.mount                     loaded active mounted   /
boot.mount                  loaded active mounted   /boot
dev-mqueue.mount            loaded active mounted   POSIX Message Queue File System
proc-sys...infmt_misc.mount loaded active mounted   Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System
sys-kernel-config.mount     loaded active mounted   Configuration File System
sys-kernel-debug.mount      loaded active mounted   Debug File System
tmp.mount                   loaded active mounted   Temporary Directory
systemd-...ord-console.path loaded active waiting   Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch
systemd-...ssword-wall.path loaded active waiting   Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch
crond.service               loaded failed failed    LEGACY unit for "crond" rc script
cronie.service              loaded active running   Periodic Command Scheduler
dbus.service                loaded active running   D-Bus System Message Bus
dhcpcd@eth0.service         loaded active running   dhcpcd on eth0
getty@tty1.service          loaded active running   Getty on tty1
hwclock.service             loaded active exited    LEGACY unit for "hwclock" rc script
net-auto-wired.service      loaded active running   Provides automatic netcfg wired connection
network.service             loaded active exited    LEGACY unit for "network" rc script
nmbd.service                loaded active running   Samba NetBIOS name server
openntpd.service            loaded active running   OpenNTP Daemon
rc-local.service            loaded active exited    /etc/rc.local Compatibility
smbd.service                loaded active running   Samba SMB/CIFS server
sshd.service                loaded active running   OpenSSH Daemon
syslog-ng.service           loaded active running   System Logger Daemon
systemd-journald.service    loaded active running   Journal Service
systemd-logind.service      loaded active running   Login Service
systemd-remount-fs.service  loaded active exited    Remount Root and Kernel File Systems
systemd-sysctl.service      loaded active exited    Apply Kernel Variables
systemd-...es-setup.service loaded active exited    Recreate Volatile Files and Directories
systemd-...-trigger.service loaded active exited    udev Coldplug all Devices
systemd-udevd.service       loaded active running   udev Kernel Device Manager
systemd-...sessions.service loaded active exited    Permit User Sessions
systemd-...le-setup.service loaded active exited    Setup Virtual Console
dbus.socket                 loaded active running   D-Bus System Message Bus Socket
syslog.socket               loaded active running   Syslog Socket
systemd-initctl.socket      loaded active listening /dev/initctl Compatibility Named Pipe
systemd-journald.socket     loaded active running   Journal Socket
systemd-shutdownd.socket    loaded active listening Delayed Shutdown Socket
systemd-...d-control.socket loaded active listening udev Control Socket
systemd-udevd-kernel.socket loaded active running   udev Kernel Socket
arch-daemons.target         loaded active active    Arch Daemons
basic.target                loaded active active    Basic System
cryptsetup.target           loaded active active    Encrypted Volumes
getty.target                loaded active active    Login Prompts
graphical.target            loaded active active    Graphical Interface
local-fs-pre.target         loaded active active    Local File Systems (Pre)
local-fs.target             loaded active active    Local File Systems
multi-user.target           loaded active active    Multi-User
network.target              loaded active active    Network
remote-fs.target            loaded active active    Remote File Systems
sockets.target              loaded active active    Sockets
swap.target                 loaded active active    Swap
sysinit.target              loaded active active    System Initialization
syslog.target               loaded active active    Syslog
systemd-...iles-clean.timer loaded active waiting   Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories

LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.

67 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
[greg@pi ~]$

有趣的是，我尝试禁用 dhcpcd 服务，正如 Martin 在下面的评论中建议的那样，在确认它被禁用并重新启动后，我没有看到任何变化，ping 覆盆子显示来自 192.168.1.3 的响应不同但ip route show产生了相同的结果。然后我尝试禁用net-auto-wired服务。我重新启动了覆盆子，然后我认为我无法访问设备（通过 ssh 无头），因为我没有重新启用 dhcpcd 服务。有趣的是我没有，我的 IP 地址现在是 192.168.1.20。

dhcpcd 服务目前没有运行：

[greg@pi log]$ systemctl | grep -i dhcp
[greg@pi log]$

因此，这告诉我必须有其他一些我还不知道的 dhcp 机制。

查看 systemctl 并寻找 eth0：

[greg@pi log]$ systemctl -a --full | grep -i eth
sys-devices-platform-bcm2708_usb-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.1-1\x2d1.1:1.0-net-eth0.device loaded active   plugged   ec00
sys-subsystem-net-devices-eth0.device                                              loaded active   plugged   ec00
LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
[greg@pi log]$

我还不确定上述 2 项服务是什么，但它们可能与问题有关吗？

4

1 回答 1

0

答案

a) 这实际上是如何工作的

是IP 地址别名。来自 Arch 维基：

IP 别名是向网络接口添加多个 IP 地址的过程。这样，网络上的一个节点可以与网络有多个连接，每个连接都有不同的用途。

现在来回答

b) 如何解决

192.168.1.3看起来te是你要使用的ip并且你希望它是静态的，这意味着这192.168.1.20是dhcpcd获得的ip，这也是根据你的/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants文件夹内容启动的服务。因此，通过禁用此服务，问题应该会消失。您可以运行（以 root 身份）

systemctl disable dhcpcd@eth0.service

或者

rm /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpcd@eth0.service

现在，如果您想使用 USB 加密狗，我建议您放弃net-auto-wired（以类似方式删除服务）并使用，wicd或者networkmanager，两者都可以配置为使用静态 ip，并在第一个不存在时默认使用另一个接口。而且它们更容易设置。

最后，简单地使用 dhcp 为您的接口获取 IP 并配置您的路由器或调制解调器以根据 MA​​C 地址分配固定 IP 并不是一个坏主意。

于 2013-01-27T23:02:21.727 回答