perl - Perl HTTP 服务器

Question

我是 Perl 的新手，我有一个关于 HTTP 服务器和客户端 API 的问题。

我想编写一个接受来自 HTTP 客户端的请求的 HTTP 服务器。问题是我不知道该怎么做，因为我是一名 Java 开发人员，这对我来说有点困难。请你能给我一些HTTP::DaemonPerl 模块的教程和示例吗？

Answer 1

我花了很多时间尝试让许多用户同时创建一个“简单”可用的 Web 服务器。文档HTTP::Daemon和其他在线资源对我没有帮助。

这是一个工作（Ubuntu 12.10，带有默认 Perl 包 v5.14.2）示例预分叉的Web 服务器，具有不同的内容类型页面和错误页面：

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

use CGI qw/ :standard /;
use Data::Dumper;
use HTTP::Daemon;
use HTTP::Response;
use HTTP::Status;
use POSIX qw/ WNOHANG /;

use constant HOSTNAME => qx{hostname};

my %O = (
    'listen-host' => '127.0.0.1',
    'listen-port' => 8080,
    'listen-clients' => 30,
    'listen-max-req-per-child' => 100,
);

my $d = HTTP::Daemon->new(
    LocalAddr => $O{'listen-host'},
    LocalPort => $O{'listen-port'},
    Reuse => 1,
) or die "Can't start http listener at $O{'listen-host'}:$O{'listen-port'}";

print "Started HTTP listener at " . $d->url . "\n";

my %chld;

if ($O{'listen-clients'}) {
    $SIG{CHLD} = sub {
        # checkout finished children
        while ((my $kid = waitpid(-1, WNOHANG)) > 0) {
            delete $chld{$kid};
        }
    };
}

while (1) {
    if ($O{'listen-clients'}) {
        # prefork all at once
        for (scalar(keys %chld) .. $O{'listen-clients'} - 1 ) {
            my $pid = fork;

            if (!defined $pid) { # error
                die "Can't fork for http child $_: $!";
            }
            if ($pid) { # parent
                $chld{$pid} = 1;
            }
            else { # child
                $_ = 'DEFAULT' for @SIG{qw/ INT TERM CHLD /};
                http_child($d);
                exit;
            }
        }

        sleep 1;
    }
    else {
        http_child($d);
    }

}

sub http_child {
    my $d = shift;

    my $i;
    my $css = <<CSS;
        form { display: inline; }
CSS

    while (++$i < $O{'listen-max-req-per-child'}) {
        my $c = $d->accept or last;
        my $r = $c->get_request(1) or last;
        $c->autoflush(1);

        print sprintf("[%s] %s %s\n", $c->peerhost, $r->method, $r->uri->as_string);

        my %FORM = $r->uri->query_form();

        if ($r->uri->path eq '/') {
            _http_response($c, { content_type => 'text/html' },
                start_html(
                    -title => HOSTNAME,
                    -encoding => 'utf-8',
                    -style => { -code => $css },
                ),
                p('Here are all input parameters:'),
                pre(Data::Dumper->Dump([\%FORM],['FORM'])),
                (map { p(a({ href => $_->[0] }, $_->[1])) }
                    ['/', 'Home'],
                    ['/ping', 'Ping the simple text/plain content'],
                    ['/error', 'Sample error page'],
                    ['/other', 'Sample not found page'],
                ),
                end_html(),
            )
        }
        elsif ($r->uri->path eq '/ping') {
            _http_response($c, { content_type => 'text/plain' }, 1);
        }
        elsif ($r->uri->path eq '/error') {
            my $error = 'AAAAAAAAA! My server error!';
            _http_error($c, RC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, $error);
            die $error;
        }
        else {
            _http_error($c, RC_NOT_FOUND);
        }

        $c->close();
        undef $c;
    }
}

sub _http_error {
    my ($c, $code, $msg) = @_;

    $c->send_error($code, $msg);
}

sub _http_response {
    my $c = shift;
    my $options = shift;

    $c->send_response(
        HTTP::Response->new(
            RC_OK,
            undef,
            [
                'Content-Type' => $options->{content_type},
                'Cache-Control' => 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0',
                'Pragma' => 'no-cache',
                'Expires' => 'Thu, 01 Dec 1994 16:00:00 GMT',
            ],
            join("\n", @_),
        )
    );
}

Answer 2

文档中HTTP::Daemon有一个非常好的示例。

Answer 3

一个符合 synopsys 的客户端示例HTTP::Daemon：

 require LWP::UserAgent;

 my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
 $ua->timeout(10);
 $ua->env_proxy;

 my $response = $ua->get('http://localhost:52798/xyzzy');

 if ($response->is_success) {
     print $response->decoded_content;  # or whatever
 }
 else {
     die $response->status_line;
 }

您只需要调整端口，也许还需要调整主机。