12

我正在尝试理解 jQuery 类,但进展并不顺利。

我的目标是以这种方式使用课程(或学习更好的方法):

var player = new Player($("playerElement"));
player.InitEvents();

使用其他人的示例,这是我尝试过的:

$.Player = function ($) {

};

$.Player.prototype.InitEvents = function () {

    $(this).keypress(function (e) {
        var key = e.which;
        if (key == 100) {
            MoveRight();
        }
        if (key == 97) {
            MoveLeft();
        }
    });
};

$.Player.prototype.MoveRight = function () {
    $(this).css("right", this.playerX += 10);
}

$.Player.prototype.MoveLeft = function () {
    $(this).css("right", this.playerX -= 10);
}

$.Player.defaultOptions = {
    playerX: 0,
    playerY: 0
};

A最终目标是使用键盘字母和让角色在屏幕上左右移动D

我有一种感觉,我在这个“类”中做错了什么,但我不知道为什么。

(对不起我的英语不好)

4

2 回答 2

23

一个重要的问题是您必须将传递的 jQuery 对象/元素分配给一个this.element- 或另一个this.propertyName- 以便您稍后可以在实例的方法中访问它。

您也不能像那样直接调用MoveRight()/MoveLeft()因为这些函数不是在作用域链中定义的,而是在实例构造函数的原型中定义的,因此您需要引用实例本身来调用这些函数。

更新和注释代码如下:

(function ($) { //an IIFE so safely alias jQuery to $
    $.Player = function (element) { //renamed arg for readability

        //stores the passed element as a property of the created instance.
        //This way we can access it later
        this.element = (element instanceof $) ? element : $(element);
        //instanceof is an extremely simple method to handle passed jQuery objects,
        //DOM elements and selector strings.
        //This one doesn't check if the passed element is valid
        //nor if a passed selector string matches any elements.
    };

    //assigning an object literal to the prototype is a shorter syntax
    //than assigning one property at a time
    $.Player.prototype = {
        InitEvents: function () {
            //`this` references the instance object inside of an instace's method,
            //however `this` is set to reference a DOM element inside jQuery event
            //handler functions' scope. So we take advantage of JS's lexical scope
            //and assign the `this` reference to another variable that we can access
            //inside the jQuery handlers
            var that = this;
            //I'm using `document` instead of `this` so it will catch arrow keys
            //on the whole document and not just when the element is focused.
            //Also, Firefox doesn't fire the keypress event for non-printable
            //characters so we use a keydown handler
            $(document).keydown(function (e) {
                var key = e.which;
                if (key == 39) {
                    that.moveRight();
                } else if (key == 37) {
                    that.moveLeft();
                }
            });

            this.element.css({
                //either absolute or relative position is necessary 
                //for the `left` property to have effect
                position: 'absolute',
                left: $.Player.defaultOptions.playerX
            });
        },
        //renamed your method to start with lowercase, convention is to use
        //Capitalized names for instanceables only
        moveRight: function () {
            this.element.css("left", '+=' + 10);
        },
        moveLeft: function () {
            this.element.css("left", '-=' + 10);
        }
    };


    $.Player.defaultOptions = {
        playerX: 0,
        playerY: 0
    };

}(jQuery));

//so you can use it as:
var player = new $.Player($("#playerElement"));
player.InitEvents();

小提琴

另请注意,JavaScript 没有实际的“类”(至少在 ES6 实现之前没有),也没有方法(根据定义,它们专门与类相关联),而是提供类似于类的甜美语法的构造函数。这是 TJ Crowder 写的一篇关于 JS 的“假”方法的很棒的文章,它有点高级,但每个人都应该能够从阅读中学到新的东西:http:
//blog.niftysnippets.org/2008/03/mythical-methods .html

于 2013-01-19T21:04:21.160 回答
6

当你this在你的Player原型函数中使用时,this指向当前的 Player 对象。

但是当你使用$(this).keypress它时,它需要this指向一个 HTML 元素。

两者简直格格不入。只有一个this,它指向当前的 Player 对象,而不是 HTML 元素。

要解决您的问题,您需要在创建 Player 对象或相关函数调用时将 HTML 元素传递给它。

您可以在构造时将元素传递给 Player 对象,如下所示:

$.Player = function ($, element) {
        this.element = element;

};

$.Player.prototype.InitEvents = function () {

    $(this.element).keypress(function (e) {
        var key = e.which;
        if (key == 100) {
            MoveRight();
        }
        if (key == 97) {
            MoveLeft();
        }
    });
 };

 $.Player.prototype.MoveRight = function () {
     $(this.element).css("right", this.playerX += 10);
 }

 $.Player.prototype.MoveLeft = function () {
     $(this.element).css("right", this.playerX -= 10);
 }

$.Player.defaultOptions = {
    playerX: 0,
    playerY: 0
};
于 2013-01-19T20:27:32.830 回答