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我正在尝试使用指向公共成员函数的 str::tr1::function 创建回调函数。

std::tr1::function < int (const string& , const MessageInfo* , const void* , const int , const void* ) > dssCallBack;
dssCallBack = &ABC::mDBtoDScallback;

这个回调将被传递给 ABC 类的另一个函数体内的一个函数。的签名ABC::mDBtoDScallback是

int DataserviceSubscriber::mDBtoDScallback(const string& strTopic, const MessageInfo* messageInfo, const void* data, const int dataLen, const void* callback_data)

当我尝试编译它时，我从 g++ 收到以下错误。

In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1/functional:56,
                 from ../src/bmrk/databus/ABC.hpp:17,
                 from ../src/bmrk/databus/ABC.cpp:1:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional: In static member function ‘static _Res std::tr1::_Function_handler<_Res(_ArgTypes ...), _Member _Class::*>::_M_invoke(const std::tr1::_Any_data&, _ArgTypes ...) [with _Class = ABC, _Member = int(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*), _Res = int, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]’:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:2005:   instantiated from ‘std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::function(_Functor, typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<(! std::tr1::is_integral::value), std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::_Useless>::__type) [with _Functor = int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*), _Res = int, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]’

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:1885:   instantiated from ‘typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<(! std::tr1::is_integral::value), std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>&>::__type std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator=(_Functor) [with _Functor = int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*), _Res = int, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]’
../src/bmrk/databus/dataservice_subscriber.cpp:266:   instantiated from here

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:1714: error: no match for call to ‘(std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>) (const std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, const MessageInfo*&, const void*&, int&, const void*&)’

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:546: note: candidates are: _Res std::tr1::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class&, _ArgTypes ...) const [with _Res = int, _Class = ABC, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:551: note:                 _Res std::tr1::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class*, _ArgTypes ...) const [with _Res = int, _Class = ABC, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]

我想看看我在这里做错了什么，但无法发现它。我试图查找，但找不到其他有类似问题的人。我可以使用 C 风格的 typedef，但我想使用并保持 C++ 风格，在此过程中也习惯了 C++11 中的一些较新的东西。

谢谢。

编辑：根据 Michael Burr 的要求，回调是根据此处的参考http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/functional/function从函数调用的

int ABC::subs_rt(const vector<string> &symbols, raw_callback_t raw_callback, void *app_data, Error *error)
{
    DBtoDS_callback_data cbData;
    cbData.subscriber_callback = raw_callback;
    cbData.raw_callback_app_data = app_data;
    cbData.err = error;

    // Perform processing on 'symbols'
    // dss is a member of class ABC and has been initialized in constructor
    dss->AddSubscriptionPrefix(symbols);
    b_cancel_subscription = false;

    std::tr1::function < int (const string& , const MessageInfo* , const void* , const int , const void* ) > dssCallBack;
    dssCallBack = &DataserviceSubscriber::mDBtoDScallback;

    dss->Subscribe(dssCallBack, static_cast<const void*>(&cbData));

    return 0;
}

回调本身看起来像

int ABC::mDBtoDScallback(const string& strTopic, const MessageInfo* messageInfo, const void* data, const int dataLen, const void* callback_data)
{
    const DBtoDS_callback_data* cbData = static_cast<const DBtoDS_callback_data*>(callback_data);

    if(0 == messageInfo) // Version 1
    {
        // Do callback Stuff
    }
    else // Version 2
    {
        Subscriber::timeval_t now;
        TimeUtils::now(now);
        std::string payload(static_cast<const char*>(data), dataLen);

        // Do callback Stuff
    }
}

int ABC::mDBtoDScallback正如 WhozCraig 所猜测的那样，该功能并不是静态的。那是问题吗？我无法使此函数中使用的某些变量成为静态变量。有什么办法可以解决这个问题，还是我必须使用 C 风格的函数指针？

谢谢。

编辑 2：根据 nm 和 WhozCraig 的关注以及此链接C++: Assigning a function to a tr1::function object

我将 ABC::subs_rt 函数中的行更改为

std::tr1::function < int (const string& , const MessageInfo* , const void* , const int , const void* ) > dssCallBack;
//dssCallBack = std::tr1::bind(&ABC::mDBtoDScallback, this, std::tr1::placeholders::_1);
dssCallBack = std::tr1::bind(&ABC::mDBtoDScallback, this);

我尝试了已注释和未注释的选项，但现在出现此错误

In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1/functional:56,
                 from ../src/bmrk/databus/ABC.hpp:17,
                 from ../src/bmrk/databus/ABC.cpp:1:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional: In member function ‘typename std::tr1::result_of<_Functor(typename std::tr1::result_of<std::tr1::_Mu<_Bound_args, std::tr1::is_bind_expression::value, (std::tr1::is_placeholder::value > 0)>(_Bound_args, std::tr1::tuple<_UElements ...>)>::type ...)>::type std::tr1::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::__call(const std::tr1::tuple<_UElements ...>&, std::tr1::_Index_tuple<_Indexes ...>) [with _Args = const std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&, const MessageInfo*&, const void*&, int&, const void*&, int ..._Indexes = 0, _Functor = std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>, _Bound_args = ABC*]’:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:1191:   instantiated from ‘typename std::tr1::result_of<_Functor(typename std::tr1::result_of<std::tr1::_Mu<_Bound_args, std::tr1::is_bind_expression::value, (std::tr1::is_placeholder::value > 0)>(_Bound_args, std::tr1::tuple<_UElements ...>)>::type ...)>::type std::tr1::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args& ...) [with _Args = const std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*, _Functor = std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>, _Bound_args = ABC*]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:1654:   instantiated from ‘static _Res std::tr1::_Function_handler<_Res(_ArgTypes ...), _Functor>::_M_invoke(const std::tr1::_Any_data&, _ArgTypes ...) [with _Res = int, _Functor = std::tr1::_Bind<std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>(ABC*)>, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:2005:   instantiated from ‘std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::function(_Functor, typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<(! std::tr1::is_integral::value), std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::_Useless>::__type) [with _Functor = std::tr1::_Bind<std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>(ABC*)>, _Res = int, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:1885:   instantiated from ‘typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<(! std::tr1::is_integral::value), std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>&>::__type std::tr1::function<_Res(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator=(_Functor) [with _Functor = std::tr1::_Bind<std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>(ABC*)>, _Res = int, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]’
../src/bmrk/databus/ABC.cpp:266:   instantiated from here
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:1137: error: no match for call to ‘(std::tr1::_Mem_fn<int (ABC::*)(const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*)>) (ABC*&)’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:546: note: candidates are: _Res std::tr1::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class&, _ArgTypes ...) const [with _Res = int, _Class = ABC, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.6/../../../../include/c++/4.4.6/tr1_impl/functional:551: note:                 _Res std::tr1::_Mem_fn<_Res (_Class::*)(_ArgTypes ...)>::operator()(_Class*, _ArgTypes ...) const [with _Res = int, _Class = ABC, _ArgTypes = const std::string&, const MessageInfo*, const void*, int, const void*]
make[1]: *** [ABC.lo] Error 1

问题的解决方案：鉴于我的要求，决定让我的回调成为静态成员函数，并通过const void* callback_data. 作为一个静态函数，它可以访问 ABC 类的私有函数并将参数传递给raw_callback. 我从所有评论中获得的帮助对我来说是一次重要的学习经历，并最终引导我找到了解决方案。

static int ABC::mDBtoDScallback(const string& strTopic, const MessageInfo* messageInfo, const void* data, const int dataLen, const void* callback_data)
{
    const DBtoDS_callback_data* cbData = static_cast<const DBtoDS_callback_data*>(callback_data);

    TimeUtils::now(now);
    std::string payload(static_cast<const char*>(data), dataLen);

    string symbol;
    string sym;
    int pri_s = 0;

    if(0 == messageInfo)
    {
        parse_topic(strTopic, symbol, pri_s, cbData->err);
    }
    else
    {
        symbol = messageInfo->key();
        pri_s = ( messageInfo->has_pri_s() ? messageInfo->pri_s() : 0 );
    }
    if (cbData->subs->symbols_need_translation())
    {
        cbData->subs->translate_symbol(cbData->subs->_translator, symbol, sym, false);
    }
    else
    {
        sym = symbol;
    }

    cbData->subscriber_callback(cbData->subs, sym, pri_s, cbData->subs->prod, payload, now, cbData->raw_callback_app_data, cbData->err);
}

谢谢你。

4

2 回答 2

2

来源很简单，如果你知道在哪里看的话。考虑以下代码：

std::tr1::function < int (const string& , const MessageInfo* , const void* , const int , const void* ) > dssCallBack;
dssCallBack = &ABC::mDBtoDScallback;
dssCallBack(std::string(), nullptr, nullptr, 0, nullptr);

是什么this？你从来没有提供过。所以没有办法std::function可以使这项工作 - 你试图调用一个成员但没有提供一个对象。std::function应该做什么，神奇地决定this应该做什么？

这两种解决方案是绑定一个thisusingstd::bind或this作为参数传递，如std::mem_fn.

于 2013-01-14T19:51:15.577 回答
1

正如评论中所讨论的，问题似乎是因为您的函数对象需要一个静态的非对象绑定函数，而您实际上是在向它传递一个成员。据我所知，有几种解决方法，您可能已经在考虑最简单的一种；使用静态并将对象的指针作为参数传递。

或者，我不知道这是否适用于您的特定体系结构，但以下内容快速汇总，介绍了如何使用 anstd::mem_fn<>和 a 结合使用指定对象调用成员函数std::function<>。这是一个独立的示例，但我希望您能看到它对您的帮助。

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;

class MyClass
{
public:
    MyClass() {}

    int CallMe(void *p, int a, float f)
    {
        // use params herere
        cout << "CallMe fired : " << this << " !\n" << endl;
        return 0;
    }
};

int main()
{
    MyClass obj, obj2;
    std::function<int(MyClass*,void*,int,float)> fn(std::mem_fn(&MyClass::CallMe));

    cout << "Invoking CallMe with " << &obj << " object..." << endl;
    fn(&obj, NULL, 1, 2.0);

    cout << "Invoking CallMe with " << &obj2 << " object..." << endl;
    fn(&obj2, NULL, 1, 2.0);

    return 0;
}

输出

Invoking CallMe with 0x7fff5fbff7d8 object...
CallMe fired : 0x7fff5fbff7d8 !

Invoking CallMe with 0x7fff5fbff7d0 object...
CallMe fired : 0x7fff5fbff7d0 !

笔记

在cppreference.com上阅读 C++11 中提供的关于成员函数对象如何工作的文章让我着迷。并不是说有人真正关心这一点。我不知道他们是否正确地发送到虚拟机等，但我对他们绝对感到惊讶。

我希望这对您有所帮助，但如果一位真正了解 std::function、std::bind 和 std::men_fn 深度的 std-lib 专家提供更简洁的解释，我完全准备好删除它（或将此片段撕成碎片）。老实说，在 SO 上调用成员的地方可能有更好的示例 through std::function<>，但我不得不说使用std::men_fn<>with的简单性相当吸引人。std::function<>

虚拟调度

在寻求 DeadMG 的评论后，我真的很好奇虚拟调度是否有效。我认为这是一个很好的机会，因为我们提供了一个this指针，但并没有屏住呼吸，因为显然我们将MyClass::CallMe成员按地址传递给了std:::mem_fn<>.

更新的源代码和运行结果很有趣。注意两个实例中使用的同一个函数对象。它是否打算以这种方式工作（它似乎是，顺便说一句）我不能说，但它对我来说很有趣，尽管如此。

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;

class MyClass
{
public:
    MyClass() {}

    virtual int CallMe(void *p, int a, float f)
    {
        // use params herere
        cout << "MyClass::CallMe fired : " << this << endl;
        return 0;
    }
};

class MyDerived : public MyClass
{
public:
    MyDerived() {}

    virtual int CallMe(void *p, int a, float f)
    {
        // use params herere
        cout << "MyDerived::CallMe fired : " << this << endl;
        return 0;
    }
};

int main()
{
    MyClass obj;
    MyDerived obj2;

    std::function<int(MyClass*,void*,int,float)> fn(std::mem_fn(&MyClass::CallMe));

    cout << "Invoking CallMe with " << &obj << " object..." << endl;
    fn(&obj, NULL, 1, 2.0);

    cout << "Invoking CallMe with " << &obj2 << " object..." << endl;
    fn(&obj2, NULL, 1, 2.0);

    return 0;
}

输出

Invoking CallMe with 000000000021FB58 object...
MyClass::CallMe fired : 000000000021FB58
Invoking CallMe with 000000000021FB78 object...
MyDerived::CallMe fired : 000000000021FB78
于 2013-01-14T19:39:24.023 回答