function - Lua 表读取和匹配高效

Question

我的问题很简单，我曾经这样做是为了检查我的任何线路（见图）是否撞到任何其他线路（或任何其他线路的轨迹）。但是我现在这样做的方式是做很多 if 语句，这是不好的。所以这是我使用的代码：

function Bumper:draw()
 for id,posx1 in pairs(tableposx1) do
    posy1 = tableposy1[id]
    posx2 = tableposx2[id]
    posy2 = tableposy2[id]
    posx3 = tableposx3[id]
    posy3 = tableposy3[id]
    posx4 = tableposx4[id]
    posy4 = tableposy4[id]
        if (posx1 ~= nil) and (posy1 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer1 - posx1) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer1 - posy1) < 5))
        and (id < (count - 5) and killp1 == "false") then
            killp1 = "true"
            tint(255, 0, 0, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer1,yposplayer1)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx2 ~= nil) and (posy2 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer1 - posx2) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer1 - posy2) < 5))
        and killp1 == "false" then
            killp1 = "true"
            tint(255, 0, 0, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer1,yposplayer1)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx3 ~= nil) and (posy3 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer1 - posx3) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer1 - posy3) < 5))
        and killp1 == "false" then
            killp1 = "true"
            tint(255, 0, 0, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer1,yposplayer1)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx4 ~= nil) and (posy4 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer1 - posx4) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer1 - posy4) < 5))
        and killp1 == "false" then
            killp1 = "true"
            tint(255, 0, 0, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer1,yposplayer1)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx1 ~= nil) and (posy1 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer2 - posx1) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer2 - posy1) < 5))
        and killp2 == "false" then
            killp2 = "true"
            tint(0, 29, 255, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer2,yposplayer2)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx2 ~= nil) and (posy2 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer2 - posx2) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer2 - posy2) < 5))
        and (id < (count - 5) and killp2 == "false")then
            killp2 = "true"
            tint(0, 29, 255, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer2,yposplayer2)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx3 ~= nil) and (posy3 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer2 - posx3) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer2 - posy3) < 5))
        and killp2 == "false" then
            killp2 = "true"
            tint(0, 29, 255, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer2,yposplayer2)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx4 ~= nil) and (posy4 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer2 - posx4) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer2 - posy4) < 5))
        and killp2 == "false" then
            killp2 = "true"
            tint(0, 29, 255, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer2,yposplayer2)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx1 ~= nil) and (posy1 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer3 - posx1) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer3 - posy1) < 5))
        and killp3 == "false" then
            killp3 = "true"
            tint(1, 255, 0, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer3,yposplayer3)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx2 ~= nil) and (posy2 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer3 - posx2) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer3 - posy2) < 5))
        and killp3 == "false" then
            killp3 = "true"
            tint(1, 255, 0, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer3,yposplayer3)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx3 ~= nil) and (posy3 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer3 - posx3) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer3 - posy3) < 5))
        and (id < (count - 5) and killp3 == "false") then
            killp3 = "true"
            tint(1, 255, 0, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer3,yposplayer3)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx4 ~= nil) and (posy4 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer3 - posx4) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer3 - posy4) < 5))
        and killp3 == "false" then
            killp3 = "true"
            tint(1, 255, 0, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer3,yposplayer3)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx1 ~= nil) and (posy1 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer4 - posx1) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer4 - posy1) < 5))
        and killp4 == "false" then
            killp4 = "true"
            tint(255, 0, 229, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer4,yposplayer4)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx2 ~= nil) and (posy2 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer4 - posx2) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer4 - posy2) < 5))
        and killp4 == "false" then
            killp4 = "true"
            tint(255, 0, 229, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer4,yposplayer4)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx3 ~= nil) and (posy3 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer4 - posx3) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer4 - posy3) < 5))
        and killp4 == "false" then
            killp4 = "true"
            tint(255, 0, 229, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer4,yposplayer4)
            noTint()
        end
        if (posx4 ~= nil) and (posy4 ~= nil) and
        ((math.abs(xposplayer4 - posx4) < 5) and (math.abs(yposplayer4 - posy4) < 5))
        and id < (count - 5) and killp4 == "false" then
            killp4 = "true"
            tint(255, 0, 229, 162)
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer4,yposplayer4)
            noTint()
        end
end


end

这是我的初始化：

    -- Main
a = 1
gameover = 0
tx = 0
paused = 1
count = 0
stagecount = 0
player1count = 0
player2count = 0
player3count = 0
player4count = 0
-- Random hole times
thistime1 = 0
thistime2 = 0
thistime3 = 0
thistime4 = 0
-- Dead players
killp1 = "false"
killp2 = "false"
killp3 = "false"
killp4 = "false"
kills = 0
-- Touch control
touches = {}
-- Player direction
pi = math.pi
o5pi = 50 * pi
mo5pi = - (50 * pi)
minpi = - (100*pi)
    -- Random start direction
    r1t = math.random(0,o5pi)
    r2t = math.random(mo5pi,0)
    r3t = math.random(minpi,mo5pi)
    r4t = math.random(o5pi,100*pi)
r1 = r1t / 100
r2 = r2t / 100
r3 = r3t / 100
r4 = r4t / 100
deltar1 = pi / 55
deltar2 = pi / 55
deltar3 = pi / 55
deltar4 = pi / 55
-- Player speed
speed1 = 2.5
speed2 = 2.5
speed3 = 2.5
speed4 = 2.5
-- Player random start position
xposplayer1 = math.random(123,300)
yposplayer1 = math.random(123,300)
xposplayer2 = math.random(123,300)
yposplayer2 = math.random(468,645)
xposplayer3 = math.random(724,901)
yposplayer3 = math.random(468,645)
xposplayer4 = math.random(724,901)
yposplayer4 = math.random(123,300)
-- Player coordinate tables
tableposx1 = {}
tableposy1 = {}
tableposx2 = {}
tableposy2 = {}
tableposx3 = {}
tableposy3 = {}
tableposx4 = {}
tableposy4 = {}

现在我尝试执行以下操作，但失败了，因为我现在不知道如何使用变量变量名：

for id,posx[a] in pairs(tableposx[a]) do
    posy[a] = tableposy[a][id]
        if ((posx[a] ~= nil) and (posy[a] ~= nil))
        and (math.abs(xposplayer[a] - posx[a]) < 5)
        and (math.abs(yposplayer[a] - posy[a]) < 5)
        and (id < (count - 5)) 
        and (killp[a] == "false") 
        then
            killp[a] = "true"
            tintp[a]
            sprite("Dropbox:kill",xposplayer[a],yposplayer[a])
            noTint()
        end
   end
a = a + 1
if a = 4 then
    a = 1
end

-- 编辑：我使用的是 4 次，4 名玩家！

function Player:draw1()
    fill(255, 0, 11, 255)
    xposplayer1 = xposplayer1 + speed1 * math.cos(r1)
    yposplayer1 = yposplayer1 + speed1 * math.sin(r1)
    if player1count == 0 then 
        thistime1 = math.random(200,500)
    end
    player1count = player1count + 1
if player1count < thistime1 then
    table.insert(tableposx1,count,xposplayer1)
    table.insert(tableposy1,count,yposplayer1)
    tint(255, 0, 0, 162)
    ellipse(xposplayer1,yposplayer1,10,10)
    noTint()
elseif player1count > thistime1 then
    tint(255, 0, 0, 162)
    ellipse(xposplayer1,yposplayer1,5,5)
    noTint()
    if player1count > thistime1 + 20 then
        player1count = 0
    end
end

结尾

- 编辑

我应该如何正确地做到这一点？提前致谢！

图片：在此处输入图像描述

score 2 · Accepted Answer

您可能并不像您所说的那样真的想要变量变量名，但是您可以做到...

所有全局变量都可以通过名为的表访问_G，您可以通过执行以下操作访问全局变量：

_G['killp1']
_G['killp2']
-- etc

然后，您可以像往常一样使用字符串操作。

local i = 1
_G['killp' .. tostring(i)] -- same as _G['killp1']
i = i + 1
_G['killp' .. tostring(i)] -- same as _G['killp2']

但这会变得非常混乱，很快。您可能想要做的是开始使用 objects。你的反对可能看起来像这样：

Linething = { x = 0, y = 0, dead = false, speed = 2.5 }

function Linething:new(o)
  o = o or {}
  setmetatable(o, self)
  self.__index = self
  return o
end

function Linething:checkCollision(other)
  if self.x - other.x < 5 and self.y - other.y < 5 then
    self.dead = true
    -- other stuff
  end
end

function Linething:update(delta_t)
   -- update the game logic
   self.x = self.x + self.speed * cos(self.angle) * delta_t
   self.y = self.y + self.speed * sin(self.angle) * delta_t
end

function Linething:draw()
  -- do line drawing here
  tint(255, 0, 0, 162)
  ellipse(self.x, self.y, 10, 10)
  noTint()
  -- etc
end

-- in main:
linething1 = Linething:new()
linething2 = Linething:new()
linething1.checkCollision(linething2)

编辑：通常您希望将游戏逻辑与渲染分离。大多数游戏都有一个如下所示的循环：

function main_loop()
  while true do
    delta_t = get_change_in_time()
    update_all(delta_t)
    draw_all()
  end
end

-- where update_all is something like this:
function update_all(delta_t)
  player1:update(delta_t)
  player2:update(delta_t)
  -- things in a table:
  for _, x in pairs(table_of_x) do
    x:update(delta_t)
  end
end

-- and draw all is basically the same
function draw_all()
  player1:draw()
  player2:draw()
  -- things in a table:
  for _, x in pairs(table_of_x) do
    x:draw()
  end
end

看起来你的Player对象有一个 Linething对象。因此，您可能希望将Linething对象添加到Player对象并更改Player:draw()为 call players_linething:draw()。然后你可以有 4 个Player对象，每个对象都有一个Linething对象。那有意义吗？

score 1 · Accepted Answer

问题是您使用的是带下标的变量（player1、player2 等）而不是数组（player[1]、player[2] 等），这使得无法在循环中迭代它们。

您还应该将相关项目组合在一起。而不是玩家 1 由一堆全局变量表示：

player1count = 0
speed1 = 2.5

这些东西应该组织成一个表格：

player1.count = 0
speed1.speed = 2.5

而且，如前所述，任何时候你有一堆随下标变化的变量，你应该使用一个数组（或者更一般地，某种可迭代的列表类型，在 Lua 中恰好是一个表/数组）：

players = {}

-- initialize players
for i=1,NUM_PLAYERS do
    players[i] = {
        count = 0,
        speed = 2.5
    }
end

如果你把它普遍应用到你的程序中，你的巨大if语句将自然消失，被一个相对较小的嵌套 for 循环所取代。

score 0 · Accepted Answer

除了您的最后一个片段，我还没有阅读所有内容：

你不能这样做，因为循环for id,posx[a]分配的变量是本地的。for要修复它，请用局部变量名称替换实例，posx[a]例如posx_a.
这里有一个错字：（if a = 4 then你的意思是==）。
这条线没有任何意义：tintp[a].

function - Lua 表读取和匹配高效

3 回答 3

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