我一直在尝试将一些使用(有界)通配符泛型的 Java 代码转换为 C#。我的问题是,Java 似乎允许泛型类型在与通配符一起使用时既是协变的又是逆变的。
[这是处理更简单的有界通配符情况的前一个问题的衍生产品]
Java - 作品:
class Impl { }
interface IGeneric1<T extends Impl> {
void method1(IGeneric2<?> val);
T method1WithParam(T val);
}
interface IGeneric2<T extends Impl> {
void method2(IGeneric1<?> val);
}
abstract class Generic2<T extends Impl> implements IGeneric2<T> {
// !! field using wildcard
protected IGeneric1<?> elem;
public void method2(IGeneric1<?> val1) {
val1.method1(this);
//assignment from wildcard to wildcard
elem = val1;
}
}
abstract class Generic<T extends Impl> implements IGeneric1<T>, IGeneric2<T> {
public void method1(IGeneric2<?> val2) {
val2.method2(this);
}
}
C# - 不编译...
class Impl { }
interface IGeneric1<T> where T:Impl {
//in Java:
//void method1(IGeneric2<?> val);
void method1<U>(IGeneric2<U> val) where U : Impl; //see this Q for 'why'
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/14277742/11545
T method1WithParam(T to);
}
interface IGeneric2<T>where T:Impl {
void method2<U>(IGeneric1<U> val) where U : Impl;
}
abstract class Generic2<T, TU>: IGeneric2<T> //added new type TU
where T : Impl
where TU : Impl
{
//in Java:
//protected IGeneric1<?> elem;
protected IGeneric1<TU> elem;
//in Java:
//public void method2(IGeneric1<?> val1)
public void method2<U>(IGeneric1<U> val)
where U : TU //using TU as constraint
{
elem = val; //Cannot convert source type 'IGeneric1<U>'
//to target type 'IGeneric1<TU>'
}
public abstract void method1WithParam(T to);
}
abstract class Generic<T> : IGeneric1<T>, IGeneric2<T> where T : Impl
{
//in Java:
//public void method1(IGeneric2<?> val2)
public void method1<U>(IGeneric2<U> val2) where U : Impl
{
val2.method2(this);
}
public abstract T method1WithParam(T to);
public abstract void method2<U>(IGeneric1<U> val) where U : Impl;
public abstract void nonGenericMethod();
}
如果我更改interface IGeneric1<T>
为interface IGeneric1<out T>
上述错误消失,但method1WithParam(T)
抱怨方差:
Parameter must be input-safe. Invalid variance: The type parameter 'T' must be
contravariantly valid on 'IGeneric1<out T>'.