5

我有一个包含以下 4 行的文件。

A;1;abc;<xml/>;
;2;def;<xml
>hello world</xml>;
;3;ghi;<xml/>;

使用批处理文件,我需要合并行,以便如果该行不以分号 (;) 结尾,则将下一行合并到当前行中。

所以期望的输出应该是

A;1;abc;<xml/>;
;2;def;<xml>hello world</xml>;
;3;ghi;<xml/>;

我对批处理脚本不是很熟悉,但尝试使用for /F但到目前为止没有运气。

据我了解,逻辑应该是检查每一行的最后一个字符,如果它不是分号,则将下一行读入当前行。

除此之外,我设法获得了该行的最后一个字符,但我的脚本仅在不存在时读取该行;. 有任何想法吗?

@echo off
for /f "tokens=*" %%i in (myfile.txt) do (
  set var=%%i
  echo %%i
  if "%var:~-1%"==";" (
    echo test
  )
)

注意:上面的查询只读取第 1 行和第 3 行。

4

3 回答 3

7

你的代码有很多问题:)

1)正如您所说,您的代码忽略以;- 这是默认的 FOR /F EOL 选项开头的行。但是由于“TOKENS=*”,您的代码还会从每一行中删除前导空格。您需要将 EOL 和 DELIMS 都设置为空。语法很奇怪,但它有效:

for /f delims^=^ eol^= %%i ...

2)您尝试在带括号的代码块中设置和扩展 var 。这是行不通的,因为在解析行时会发生扩展,并且会立即解析整个代码块。所以 的值%var%是循环执行之前存在的值。当然不是你想要的。解决方案是使用延迟扩展。从命令提示符键入FOR /?有关延迟扩展的更多信息(大约在帮助列表的一半处)

3) 对于包含的变量内容,!如果在启用延迟扩展时进行扩展,则会损坏。解决方案是在循环中根据需要打开和关闭延迟扩展。但这会导致复杂性,因为您需要在 ENDLOCAL 屏障上保留生长线的值。我使用 FOR /F 将值传输穿过障碍。

这是一个完整的批处理脚本,应该可以完成这项工作。它的局限性在于它不能处理大于 ~8191 字节的最大长度的行。

此代码已被重新​​编写以修复一个重大错误

@echo off
setlocal disableDelayedExpansion
set "ln="
set "print=0"
for /f delims^=^ eol^= %%i in (myfile.txt) do (
  set "var=%%i"
  setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
  for /f delims^=^ eol^= %%A in ("!ln!!var!") do (
    if "!var:~-1!"==";" (
      endlocal
      echo %%A
      set "ln="
    ) else (
      endlocal
      set "ln=%%A"
    )
  )
)

SET /P 解决方案

有一个更简单的解决方案可以立即打印每一行,这样您就不必担心跨 ENDLOCAL 传输变量。;不以 SET /P结束的行不带换行符打印。

此解决方案具有以下限制:

1) 通过 SET /P 打印的行将去掉前导空格。此限制仅适用于 Vista 和更新版本的 Windows。在 XP 上这不是问题。

2)感谢David Ruhmann,我现在知道如果该行以=. 非常不幸:(

@echo off
setlocal disableDelayedExpansion
set "ln="
for /f delims^=^ eol^= %%i in (myfile.txt) do (
  set "var=%%i"
  setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
  if "!var:~-1!"==";" (echo !var!) else (<nul set /p ="!var!")
  endlocal
)

混合批处理/JScript 正则表达式解决方案(防弹?)

我编写了一个混合批处理/JScript REPL.BAT 实用程序,该实用程序允许简单的正则表达式搜索和替换文件内容。它使工作变得非常容易。

以下命令适用于任何输入,没有限制。它已更新为支持 Windows 和 Unix 风格的行。而且它比纯批处理解决方案要快得多。

findstr "^." myfile.txt|repl "([^;\r])\r?\n" "$1" m >"outFile.txt"

这是 REPL.BAT 实用程序。完整的文档嵌入在脚本中。

@if (@X)==(@Y) @end /* Harmless hybrid line that begins a JScript comment

::************ Documentation ***********
:::
:::REPL  Search  Replace  [Options  [SourceVar]]
:::REPL  /?
:::
:::  Performs a global search and replace operation on each line of input from
:::  stdin and prints the result to stdout.
:::
:::  Each parameter may be optionally enclosed by double quotes. The double
:::  quotes are not considered part of the argument. The quotes are required
:::  if the parameter contains a batch token delimiter like space, tab, comma,
:::  semicolon. The quotes should also be used if the argument contains a
:::  batch special character like &, |, etc. so that the special character
:::  does not need to be escaped with ^.
:::
:::  If called with a single argument of /? then prints help documentation
:::  to stdout.
:::
:::  Search  - By default this is a case sensitive JScript (ECMA) regular
:::            expression expressed as a string.
:::
:::            JScript syntax documentation is available at
:::            http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ae5bf541(v=vs.80).aspx
:::
:::  Replace - By default this is the string to be used as a replacement for
:::            each found search expression. Full support is provided for
:::            substituion patterns available to the JScript replace method.
:::            A $ literal can be escaped as $$. An empty replacement string
:::            must be represented as "".
:::
:::            Replace substitution pattern syntax is documented at
:::            http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/efy6s3e6(v=vs.80).aspx
:::
:::  Options - An optional string of characters used to alter the behavior
:::            of REPL. The option characters are case insensitive, and may
:::            appear in any order.
:::
:::            I - Makes the search case-insensitive.
:::
:::            L - The Search is treated as a string literal instead of a
:::                regular expression. Also, all $ found in Replace are
:::                treated as $ literals.
:::
:::            E - Search and Replace represent the name of environment
:::                variables that contain the respective values. An undefined
:::                variable is treated as an empty string.
:::
:::            M - Multi-line mode. The entire contents of stdin is read and
:::                processed in one pass instead of line by line. ^ anchors
:::                the beginning of a line and $ anchors the end of a line.
:::
:::            X - Enables extended substitution pattern syntax with support
:::                for the following escape sequences:
:::
:::                \\     -  Backslash
:::                \b     -  Backspace
:::                \f     -  Formfeed
:::                \n     -  Newline
:::                \r     -  Carriage Return
:::                \t     -  Horizontal Tab
:::                \v     -  Vertical Tab
:::                \xnn   -  Ascii (Latin 1) character expressed as 2 hex digits
:::                \unnnn -  Unicode character expressed as 4 hex digits
:::
:::                Escape sequences are supported even when the L option is used.
:::
:::            S - The source is read from an environment variable instead of
:::                from stdin. The name of the source environment variable is
:::                specified in the next argument after the option string.
:::

::************ Batch portion ***********
@echo off
if .%2 equ . (
  if "%~1" equ "/?" (
    findstr "^:::" "%~f0" | cscript //E:JScript //nologo "%~f0" "^:::" ""
    exit /b 0
  ) else (
    call :err "Insufficient arguments"
    exit /b 1
  )
)
echo(%~3|findstr /i "[^SMILEX]" >nul && (
  call :err "Invalid option(s)"
  exit /b 1
)
cscript //E:JScript //nologo "%~f0" %*
exit /b 0

:err
>&2 echo ERROR: %~1. Use REPL /? to get help.
exit /b

************* JScript portion **********/
var env=WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell").Environment("Process");
var args=WScript.Arguments;
var search=args.Item(0);
var replace=args.Item(1);
var options="g";
if (args.length>2) {
  options+=args.Item(2).toLowerCase();
}
var multi=(options.indexOf("m")>=0);
var srcVar=(options.indexOf("s")>=0);
if (srcVar) {
  options=options.replace(/s/g,"");
}
if (options.indexOf("e")>=0) {
  options=options.replace(/e/g,"");
  search=env(search);
  replace=env(replace);
}
if (options.indexOf("l")>=0) {
  options=options.replace(/l/g,"");
  search=search.replace(/([.^$*+?()[{\\|])/g,"\\$1");
  replace=replace.replace(/\$/g,"$$$$");
}
if (options.indexOf("x")>=0) {
  options=options.replace(/x/g,"");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\\\/g,"\\B");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\b/g,"\b");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\f/g,"\f");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\n/g,"\n");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\r/g,"\r");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\t/g,"\t");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\v/g,"\v");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\x[0-9a-fA-F]{2}|\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4}/g,
    function($0,$1,$2){
      return String.fromCharCode(parseInt("0x"+$0.substring(2)));
    }
  );
  replace=replace.replace(/\\B/g,"\\");
}
var search=new RegExp(search,options);

if (srcVar) {
  WScript.Stdout.Write(env(args.Item(3)).replace(search,replace));
} else {
  while (!WScript.StdIn.AtEndOfStream) {
    if (multi) {
      WScript.Stdout.Write(WScript.StdIn.ReadAll().replace(search,replace));
    } else {
      WScript.Stdout.WriteLine(WScript.StdIn.ReadLine().replace(search,replace));
    }
  }
}
于 2013-01-11T13:58:14.820 回答
4

无延迟扩展

@echo off
setlocal EnableExtensions DisableDelayedExpansion
for /f "tokens=* eol=" %%L in (myfile.txt) do (
    <nul set /p ="%%L" 2>nul                         %= Fixed Limitation 3 =%
    set "xLine=%%L"
    call set "xLine=%%xLine:"=%%"                    %= Fix for Limitation 2 =%
    call :NewLine
)
endlocal
pause >nul
goto :eof

:NewLine
if "%xLine:~-1%"==";" echo.
goto :eof

延迟扩展

@echo off
setlocal EnableExtensions DisableDelayedExpansion
for /f "tokens=* eol=" %%L in (myfile.txt) do (
    <nul set /p ="%%L" 2>nul                         %= Fixed Limitation 3 =%
    setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
    set "xLine=%%L"
    set "xLine=!xLine:"=!"                           %= Fix for Limitation 2 =%
    if "!xLine:~-1!"==";" echo.
    endlocal
)
endlocal
pause >nul

限制:(两个版本相同)

  1. 由于该命令,行可能不以等于=字符开头。<nul set /p "=%%L"
  2. 由于该命令,行可能不以双引号"字符结尾。if "<var>"==";" echo.
  3. 行首的双引号"字符会因为<nul set /p "=%%L"命令丢失。(dbenham解决)
  4. "tokens=* eol="由于该选项,行首的空格将被修剪。delims^=^ eol^=由于该set /p命令,使用该选项的 Windows Vista 或更高版本也会出现同样的问题。我选择tokens在所有版本的 Windows 中实现一致性的方法。
  5. 批处理行长度限制。8191 字节。请参阅xp 批处理文件中的行长度限制?http://support.microsoft.com/kb/830473

注意:这些限制都不会导致脚本崩溃,而是 1 和 3 会导致这些行被跳过,而 4 只会修剪行中的前导空格。

更新

我找到了一个(仅显示!)由命令=引起的等号和空间修剪问题的解决方案。set /p但是,它要求在批处理脚本中输入非显示字符。这必须通过编辑脚本的十六进制数据来完成。放置任何非空格、非问题字符(由 说明.),后跟退格字符(由 说明0x08),仅%Var%显示 的值。 注意:这不能作为文件输出的解决方案,因为未显示的字符也会输出到文件中。

set /p =".0x08%Var%"

此 equals 问题的原因是该set命令在解析变量名时出现问题,并且不允许将 equals 包含在变量名中。

SET 命令不允许等号作为变量名称的一部分。

这个问题一直存在,但由于 Vista+ 中添加的主要空间修剪问题而变得更加复杂。好分析:http ://www.dostips.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=4209

于 2013-01-11T16:23:40.277 回答
0

这是一个不使用该set /P命令的解决方案,因为这会引入一些限制。在这里,适用的行被连接在一个变量中,并在遇到尾随分号时立即输出,使用echo没有这样的限制。代码包含注释:

@echo off
setlocal EnableExtensions DisableDelayedExpansion

rem // Define constants here:
set "FILE=%~1" & rem // (input file from command line argument)
set "CHAR=;"   & rem // (character that marks the end of line)

rem // Initialise variables:
set "PREV=" & rem // (variable to collect lines to combine)
rem // Iterate through the lines of the given file:
for /F usebackq^ delims^=^ eol^= %%L in ("%FILE%") do (
    set "LINE=%%L"
    rem // Toggle delayed expansion to not lose `!` in text:
    setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
    rem // Check last character of current line:
    if "!LINE:~-1!"=="%CHAR%" (
        rem /* Last character marks end of line, so output
        rem    collected previous lines and current one: */
        echo !PREV!!LINE!
        rem // Clear Cached previous lines:
        endlocal
        set "PREV="
    ) else (
        rem /* Last character does not mark end of line, so
        rem    do not output it but cache it in a variable;
        rem    the `for /F` loop lets the data pass `endlocal`: */
        for /F delims^=^ eol^= %%K in ("!PREV!!LINE!") do (
            endlocal
            set "PREV=%%K"
        )
    )
)
rem /* Output all remaining cached data in case the last line
rem    is not terminated by an end-of-line marker: */
if defined PREV (
    setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
    echo !PREV!
    endlocal
)

endlocal
exit /B
于 2016-09-03T01:04:19.227 回答