c# - C# 中的 TraceRoute 和 Ping

Question

有没有人有 C# 代码方便对目标计算机执行 ping 和跟踪路由？我正在寻找一个纯代码解决方案，而不是我现在正在做的，它是调用 ping.exe 和 tracert.exe 程序并解析输出。我想要更强大的东西。

Answer 1

鉴于我今天必须编写一个 TraceRoute 类，我想我不妨分享一下源代码。

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;

namespace Answer
{  
  public class TraceRoute
  {
    private const string Data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";

    public static IEnumerable<IPAddress> GetTraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress)
    {
      return GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, 1);
    }
    private static IEnumerable<IPAddress> GetTraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress, int ttl)
    {
      Ping pinger = new Ping();
      PingOptions pingerOptions = new PingOptions(ttl, true);
      int timeout = 10000;
      byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data);
      PingReply reply = default(PingReply);

      reply = pinger.Send(hostNameOrAddress, timeout, buffer, pingerOptions);

      List<IPAddress> result = new List<IPAddress>();
      if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success)
      {
        result.Add(reply.Address);
      }
      else if (reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired || reply.Status == IPStatus.TimedOut)
      {
        //add the currently returned address if an address was found with this TTL
        if (reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired) result.Add(reply.Address);
        //recurse to get the next address...
        IEnumerable<IPAddress> tempResult = default(IEnumerable<IPAddress>);
        tempResult = GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, ttl + 1);
        result.AddRange(tempResult);
      }
      else
      {
        //failure 
      }

      return result;
    }
  }
}

以及任何想要/需要它的人的 VB 版本

Public Class TraceRoute
    Private Const Data As String = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"

    Public Shared Function GetTraceRoute(ByVal hostNameOrAddress As String) As IEnumerable(Of IPAddress)
        Return GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, 1)
    End Function
    Private Shared Function GetTraceRoute(ByVal hostNameOrAddress As String, ByVal ttl As Integer) As IEnumerable(Of IPAddress)
        Dim pinger As Ping = New Ping
        Dim pingerOptions As PingOptions = New PingOptions(ttl, True)
        Dim timeout As Integer = 10000
        Dim buffer() As Byte = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data)
        Dim reply As PingReply

        reply = pinger.Send(hostNameOrAddress, timeout, buffer, pingerOptions)

        Dim result As List(Of IPAddress) = New List(Of IPAddress)
        If reply.Status = IPStatus.Success Then
            result.Add(reply.Address)
        ElseIf reply.Status = IPStatus.TtlExpired Then
            'add the currently returned address
            result.Add(reply.Address)
            'recurse to get the next address...
            Dim tempResult As IEnumerable(Of IPAddress)
            tempResult = GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, ttl + 1)
            result.AddRange(tempResult)
        Else
            'failure 
        End If

        Return result
    End Function
End Class

Answer 2

以下是tracert迄今为止比其他答案中存在的更好的 C# 实现。

public static IEnumerable<IPAddress> GetTraceRoute(string hostname)
{
    // following are similar to the defaults in the "traceroute" unix command.
    const int timeout = 10000;
    const int maxTTL = 30;
    const int bufferSize = 32;

    byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
    new Random().NextBytes(buffer);

    using (var pinger = new Ping())
    {
        for (int ttl = 1; ttl <= maxTTL; ttl++)
        {
            PingOptions options = new PingOptions(ttl, true);
            PingReply reply = pinger.Send(hostname, timeout, buffer, options);

            // we've found a route at this ttl
            if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success || reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired)
                yield return reply.Address;

            // if we reach a status other than expired or timed out, we're done searching or there has been an error
            if (reply.Status != IPStatus.TtlExpired && reply.Status != IPStatus.TimedOut)
                break;
        }
    }
}

其他答案中存在的此处修复的陷阱包括：

• 它很懒惰。例如：它正确地使用了 enumerable / 一个迭代器，所以不必计算整个树，你可以通过打破你自己的消费循环在任何时候停止。
• maxTTL已实现，因此该功能不会永远旋转。
• bufferSize与其他 tracert 实现一致的选项。
• 它超级简洁干净。它包含在一个方法中，并且比这里的其他选项短得多。

Answer 3

尽管基类库包含Ping，但 BCL 不包含任何 tracert 功能。

但是，快速搜索会发现两个开源尝试，第一个是 C#，第二个是 C++：

• http://www.codeproject.com/KB/IP/tracert.aspx
• http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/IN/network/basicnetworkoperations/article.php/c5457/

Answer 4

关于 ping 部分，请看 MSDN 上的Ping 类。

Answer 5

Ping：我们可以使用Ping.NET Framework 中内置的类。

实例化 aPing并订阅PingCompleted事件：

Ping pingSender = new Ping();
pingSender.PingCompleted += PingCompletedCallback;

添加代码以配置和操作 ping，例如：

string data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
string who = "www.google.com";
AutoResetEvent waiter = new AutoResetEvent(false);
int timeout = 12000;

PingOptions options = new PingOptions(64, true);

pingSender.SendAsync(who, timeout, buffer, options, waiter);

添加一个PingCompletedEventHandler：

public static void PingCompletedCallback(object sender, PingCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    ... Do stuff here
}

基于MSDN 示例的完整工作示例的代码转储：

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string who = "www.google.com";
    AutoResetEvent waiter = new AutoResetEvent(false);

    Ping pingSender = new Ping();

    // When the PingCompleted event is raised,
    // the PingCompletedCallback method is called.
    pingSender.PingCompleted += PingCompletedCallback;

    // Create a buffer of 32 bytes of data to be transmitted.
    string data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
    byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);

    // Wait 12 seconds for a reply.
    int timeout = 12000;

    // Set options for transmission:
    // The data can go through 64 gateways or routers
    // before it is destroyed, and the data packet
    // cannot be fragmented.
    PingOptions options = new PingOptions(64, true);

    Console.WriteLine("Time to live: {0}", options.Ttl);
    Console.WriteLine("Don't fragment: {0}", options.DontFragment);

    // Send the ping asynchronously.
    // Use the waiter as the user token.
    // When the callback completes, it can wake up this thread.
    pingSender.SendAsync(who, timeout, buffer, options, waiter);

    // Prevent this example application from ending.
    // A real application should do something useful
    // when possible.
    waiter.WaitOne();
    Console.WriteLine("Ping example completed.");
}

public static void PingCompletedCallback(object sender, PingCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    // If the operation was canceled, display a message to the user.
    if (e.Cancelled)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Ping canceled.");

        // Let the main thread resume. 
        // UserToken is the AutoResetEvent object that the main thread 
        // is waiting for.
        ((AutoResetEvent)e.UserState).Set();
    }

    // If an error occurred, display the exception to the user.
    if (e.Error != null)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Ping failed:");
        Console.WriteLine(e.Error.ToString());

        // Let the main thread resume. 
        ((AutoResetEvent)e.UserState).Set();
    }

    Console.WriteLine($"Roundtrip Time: {e.Reply.RoundtripTime}");

    // Let the main thread resume.
    ((AutoResetEvent)e.UserState).Set();
}

Answer 6

这是我能想到的最有效的方法。如果您喜欢它，请投票，以便其他人受益。

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Net.NetworkInformation;

    namespace NetRouteAnalysis
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                var route = TraceRoute.GetTraceRoute("8.8.8.8")

                foreach (var step in route)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"{step.Address,-20} {step.Status,-20} \t{step.RoundtripTime} ms");
                }
            }
        }

        public static class TraceRoute
        {
            public static IEnumerable<PingReply> GetTraceRoute(string hostnameOrIp)
            {
                // Initial variables
                var limit = 1000;
                var buffer = new byte[32];
                var pingOpts = new PingOptions(1, true);
                var ping = new Ping();               

                // Result holder.
                PingReply result = null;

                do
                {
                    result = ping.Send(hostnameOrIp, 4000, buffer, pingOpts);
                    pingOpts = new PingOptions(pingOpts.Ttl + 1, pingOpts.DontFragment);

                    if (result.Status != IPStatus.TimedOut)
                    {
                        yield return result;
                    }
                }
                while (result.Status != IPStatus.Success && pingOpts.Ttl < limit);
            }
        }       
    }

Answer 7

作为对上述 Scotts 代码答案的改进，我发现如果路线在到达目的地之前逐渐变细，那么他的解决方案将不起作用 - 它永远不会返回。至少有部分路线的更好解决方案可能是这个（我已经测试过并且效果很好）。您可以将 for 循环中的“20”更改为更大或更小的值，或者如果您想以其他方式控制迭代次数，请尝试检测它是否花费了太长时间。完全归功于 Scott 的原始代码 - 谢谢。

    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Net;

    ...

    public static void TraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress)
    {
        for (int i = 1; i < 20; i++)
        {
            IPAddress ip = GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, i);
            if(ip == null)
            {
                break;
            }
            Console.WriteLine(ip.ToString());
        }
    }

    private static IPAddress GetTraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress, int ttl)
    {
        const string Data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
        Ping pinger = new Ping();
        PingOptions pingerOptions = new PingOptions(ttl, true);
        int timeout = 10000;
        byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data);
        PingReply reply = default(PingReply);

        reply = pinger.Send(hostNameOrAddress, timeout, buffer, pingerOptions);

        List<IPAddress> result = new List<IPAddress>();
        if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success || reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired)
        {
            return reply.Address;
        }
        else
        {
            return null;
        }
    }