5

我想学习使用 C++11 线程来加速我的语言的编译（是的，我正在构建一个编译器：x）。我尝试的第一个示例使用 clang (3.3 SVN) 引发了几个错误。它在 GCC (4.6.3) 下编译得很好。

我从 llvm.org 的 SVN 下载了 clang 和 libc++。clang 是使用 GCC (4.6.3) 编译的，而 libc++ 是使用 clang 编译的。两个 makefile 都是用 CMake 生成的。

对于铿锵声，我遵循了本指南： http: //llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html#checkout

对于 libc++，我遵循了本指南： http: //libcxx.llvm.org/

我要编译的一段代码（foobar.cpp）：

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

using namespace std;

int main(void) {
    thread t1([](void)->void {
        cout << "foobar" << endl;
    });
}

它编译得很好，clang --std=c++0x -stdlib=libc++ -lpthread foobar.cpp但我得到了很多链接器错误：

/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `main':
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x21): undefined reference to `std::__1::thread::~thread()'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `_ZNSt3__16threadC2IZ4mainE3$_0JEvEEOT_DpOT0_':
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x5c): undefined reference to `operator new(unsigned long)'
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x186): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x19b): undefined reference to `std::__1::__throw_system_error(int, char const*)'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `_ZNSt3__114__thread_proxyINS_5tupleIJZ4mainE3$_0EEEEEPvS4_':
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x200): undefined reference to `std::__1::__thread_local_data()'
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x211): undefined reference to `operator new(unsigned long)'
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x23b): undefined reference to `std::__1::__thread_struct::__thread_struct()'
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x31b): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `_ZNSt3__110unique_ptrINS_5tupleIJZ4mainE3$_0EEENS_14default_deleteIS3_EEED2Ev':
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x3dd): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `main::$_0::operator()() const':
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x3fc): undefined reference to `std::__1::cout'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `_ZNSt3__110unique_ptrINS_5tupleIJZ4mainE3$_0EEENS_14default_deleteIS3_EEEC2EPS3_':
foobar.cpp:(.text+0x4e9): undefined reference to `std::terminate()'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `std::__1::__thread_specific_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct>::reset(std::__1::__thread_struct*)':
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__121__thread_specific_ptrINS_15__thread_structEE5resetEPS1_[_ZNSt3__121__thread_specific_ptrINS_15__thread_structEE5resetEPS1_]+0x57): undefined reference to `std::__1::__thread_struct::~__thread_struct()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__121__thread_specific_ptrINS_15__thread_structEE5resetEPS1_[_ZNSt3__121__thread_specific_ptrINS_15__thread_structEE5resetEPS1_]+0x60): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::operator<< <std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)':
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x28): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::sentry::sentry(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&)'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x1ec): undefined reference to `std::__1::ios_base::getloc() const'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x1fe): undefined reference to `std::__1::ctype<char>::id'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x206): undefined reference to `std::__1::locale::use_facet(std::__1::locale::id&) const'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x272): undefined reference to `std::__1::locale::~locale()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x294): undefined reference to `std::__1::locale::~locale()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x378): undefined reference to `std::__1::ios_base::clear(unsigned int)'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x3d0): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::sentry::~sentry()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x3dc): undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x3f9): undefined reference to `std::__1::ios_base::__set_badbit_and_consider_rethrow()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x403): undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x424): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::sentry::~sentry()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x43d): undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc[_ZNSt3__1lsINS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIcT_EES6_PKc]+0x466): undefined reference to `std::terminate()'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::endl<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&)':
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0x38): undefined reference to `std::__1::ios_base::getloc() const'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0x49): undefined reference to `std::__1::ctype<char>::id'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0x55): undefined reference to `std::__1::locale::use_facet(std::__1::locale::id&) const'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0xac): undefined reference to `std::__1::locale::~locale()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0xbe): undefined reference to `std::__1::locale::~locale()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0xcd): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::put(char)'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_[_ZNSt3__14endlIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEERNS_13basic_ostreamIT_T0_EES7_]+0xdd): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::flush()'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o: In function `std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> > std::__1::__pad_and_output<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >, char const*, char const*, char const*, std::__1::ios_base&, char)':
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_[_ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_]+0x215): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::__init(unsigned long, char)'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_[_ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_]+0x389): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
foobar.cpp:(.text._ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_[_ZNSt3__116__pad_and_outputIcNS_11char_traitsIcEEEENS_19ostreambuf_iteratorIT_T0_EES6_PKS4_S8_S8_RNS_8ios_baseES4_]+0x3a4): undefined reference to `std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()'
/tmp/foobar-59W5DR.o:(.eh_frame+0x47): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
clang-3: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

这是两个标准库下的标准搜索目录。由于 'clang -Wp,-v -x c++ - -fsyntax-only' 我得到了这个：

我试过clang --std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -llibc++ -lpthread -o foobar foobar.cpp但链接器再次失败，它没有找到 libc++。我是否无法链接到 libc++ 还是更困难？

4

1 回答 1

14

您正在为 C 而不是 C++ 编译 clang。

  • 对于 C 使用clang
  • 对于 C++ 使用clang++

clang 之所以没有警告您，是因为您明确定义了标准。

于 2013-01-09T01:21:35.623 回答