99

我知道这个问题已经被问过很多次了,因此很难深入挖掘并找到一个简单的例子来说明什么是有效的。

我有这个,它很简单,它适用于MyClass......

#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class MyClass
{
    public:
        MyClass();
        static void Callback(MyClass* instance, int x);
    private:
        int private_x;
};

class EventHandler
{
    public:
        void addHandler(MyClass* owner)
        {
            cout << "Handler added..." << endl;
            //Let's pretend an event just occured
            owner->Callback(owner,1);
        }
};

EventHandler* handler;

MyClass::MyClass()
{
    private_x = 5;
    handler->addHandler(this);
}

void MyClass::Callback(MyClass* instance, int x)
{
    cout << x + instance->private_x << endl;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    handler = new EventHandler();
    MyClass* myClass = new MyClass();
}

class YourClass
{
    public:
        YourClass();
        static void Callback(YourClass* instance, int x);
};

怎么能被重写,所以EventHandler::addHandler()可以同时使用MyClassYourClass。很抱歉,但这只是我的大脑工作的方式,我需要先看一个简单的例子来说明什么是有效的,然后才能理解它为什么/如何工作。如果您有最喜欢的方式来完成这项工作,现在是展示它的时候了,请标记该代码并将其发回。

[编辑]

它已被回答,但在我打勾之前答案已被删除。就我而言,答案是模板化函数。将 addHandler 更改为此...

class EventHandler
{
    public:
        template<typename T>
        void addHandler(T* owner)
        {
            cout << "Handler added..." << endl;
            //Let's pretend an event just occured
            owner->Callback(owner,1);
        }
};
4

6 回答 6

191

您可以使用新的 C++11 标准中的功能,而不是使用静态方法并传递指向类实例的指针:std::functionstd::bind

#include <functional>
class EventHandler
{
    public:
        void addHandler(std::function<void(int)> callback)
        {
            cout << "Handler added..." << endl;
            // Let's pretend an event just occured
            callback(1);
        }
};

addHandler方法现在接受一个std::function参数,并且这个“函数对象”没有返回值,并且接受一个整数作为参数。

要将其绑定到特定函数,请使用std::bind

class MyClass
{
    public:
        MyClass();

        // Note: No longer marked `static`, and only takes the actual argument
        void Callback(int x);
    private:
        int private_x;
};

MyClass::MyClass()
{
    using namespace std::placeholders; // for `_1`

    private_x = 5;
    handler->addHandler(std::bind(&MyClass::Callback, this, _1));
}

void MyClass::Callback(int x)
{
    // No longer needs an explicit `instance` argument,
    // as `this` is set up properly
    cout << x + private_x << endl;
}

添加处理程序时需要使用std::bind,因为您明确需要将其他隐式this指针指定为参数。如果您有独立功能,则不必使用std::bind

void freeStandingCallback(int x)
{
    // ...
}

int main()
{
    // ...
    handler->addHandler(freeStandingCallback);
}

让事件处理程序使用std::function对象,也可以使用新的 C++11 lambda 函数

handler->addHandler([](int x) { std::cout << "x is " << x << '\n'; });
于 2013-01-07T03:41:02.350 回答
7

这是一个简洁的版本,适用于类方法回调和常规函数回调。在此示例中,为了显示如何处理参数,回调函数采用两个参数:boolint

class Caller {
  template<class T> void addCallback(T* const object, void(T::* const mf)(bool,int))
  {
    using namespace std::placeholders; 
    callbacks_.emplace_back(std::bind(mf, object, _1, _2));
  }
  void addCallback(void(* const fun)(bool,int)) 
  {
    callbacks_.emplace_back(fun);
  }
  void callCallbacks(bool firstval, int secondval) 
  {
    for (const auto& cb : callbacks_)
      cb(firstval, secondval);
  }
private:
  std::vector<std::function<void(bool,int)>> callbacks_;
}

class Callee {
  void MyFunction(bool,int);
}

//then, somewhere in Callee, to add the callback, given a pointer to Caller `ptr`

ptr->addCallback(this, &Callee::MyFunction);

//or to add a call back to a regular function
ptr->addCallback(&MyRegularFunction);

这将特定于 C++11 的代码限制为 addCallback 方法和 Caller 类中的私有数据。至少对我来说,这可以最大限度地减少实施时出错的机会。

于 2017-04-08T23:02:36.953 回答
4

您要做的是创建一个处理此代码的接口,并且您的所有类都实现该接口。

class IEventListener{
public:
   void OnEvent(int x) = 0;  // renamed Callback to OnEvent removed the instance, you can add it back if you want.
};


class MyClass :public IEventListener
{
    ...
    void OnEvent(int x); //typically such a function is NOT static. This wont work if it is static.
};

class YourClass :public IEventListener
{

请注意,为此,“回调”功能是非静态的,我认为这是一种改进。如果您希望它是静态的,则需要按照 JaredC 建议的模板进行操作。

于 2013-01-07T03:29:24.037 回答
3

来自上述代码的完整工作示例......对于 C++11:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <functional>

#if __cplusplus <= 199711L
  #error This file needs at least a C++11 compliant compiler, try using:
  #error    $ g++ -std=c++11 ..
#endif

using namespace std;

class EventHandler {
    public:
        void addHandler(std::function<void(int)> callback) {
            printf("\nHandler added...");
            // Let's pretend an event just occured
            callback(1);
        }
};


class MyClass
{
    public:
        MyClass(int);
        // Note: No longer marked `static`, and only takes the actual argument
        void Callback(int x);

    private:
        EventHandler *pHandler;
        int private_x;
};

MyClass::MyClass(int value) {
    using namespace std::placeholders; // for `_1`

    pHandler = new EventHandler();
    private_x = value;
    pHandler->addHandler(std::bind(&MyClass::Callback, this, _1));
}

void MyClass::Callback(int x) {
    // No longer needs an explicit `instance` argument,
    // as `this` is set up properly
    printf("\nResult:%d\n\n", (x+private_x));
}

// Main method
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {

    printf("\nCompiler:%ld\n", __cplusplus);
    new MyClass(5);
    return 0;
}


// where $1 is your .cpp file name... this is the command used:
// g++ -std=c++11 -Wall -o $1 $1.cpp
// chmod 700 $1
// ./$1

输出应该是:

Compiler:201103

Handler added...
Result:6
于 2018-10-11T21:32:35.183 回答
1

MyClass并且YourClass都可以派生自SomeonesClass其中具有抽象(虚拟)Callback方法。您addHandler将接受类型的对象,并且SomeonesClass可以覆盖以提供其回调行为的特定实现。MyClassYourClassCallback

于 2013-01-07T03:30:44.437 回答
0

如果你有不同参数的回调,你可以使用如下模板:
// 编译: g++ -std=c++11 myTemplatedCPPcallbacks.cpp -o myTemplatedCPPcallbacksApp

#include <functional>     // c++11

#include <iostream>        // due to: cout


using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class MyClass
{
    public:
        MyClass();
        static void Callback(MyClass* instance, int x);
    private:
        int private_x;
};

class OtherClass
{
    public:
        OtherClass();
        static void Callback(OtherClass* instance, std::string str);
    private:
        std::string private_str;
};

class EventHandler
{

    public:
        template<typename T, class T2>
        void addHandler(T* owner, T2 arg2)
        {
            cout << "\nHandler added..." << endl;
            //Let's pretend an event just occured
            owner->Callback(owner, arg2);
         }   

};

MyClass::MyClass()
{
    EventHandler* handler;
    private_x = 4;
    handler->addHandler(this, private_x);
}

OtherClass::OtherClass()
{
    EventHandler* handler;
    private_str = "moh ";
    handler->addHandler(this, private_str );
}

void MyClass::Callback(MyClass* instance, int x)
{
    cout << " MyClass::Callback(MyClass* instance, int x) ==> " 
         << 6 + x + instance->private_x << endl;
}

void OtherClass::Callback(OtherClass* instance, std::string private_str)
{
    cout << " OtherClass::Callback(OtherClass* instance, std::string private_str) ==> " 
         << " Hello " << instance->private_str << endl;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    EventHandler* handler;
    handler = new EventHandler();
    MyClass* myClass = new MyClass();
    OtherClass* myOtherClass = new OtherClass();
}
于 2014-10-09T15:36:57.047 回答