python - 如何检查列表中包含的类型？

Question

我想在不定义函数的情况下执行以下操作：

if isinstance(x,(list,tuple)) and every_element_isinstance(x,basestring):
   foobar

IE：implementing type checking

有速记/builtin这个吗？

Answer 1

我认为这是最好的解决方案（如果我理解这个问题）

if isinstance(x, (list, tuple)) and all(isinstance(i, basestring) for i in x):
    #do whatever

Answer 2

if isinstance(x, (list, tuple)) and all([isinstance(i, basestring) for i in x]):
    foobar

令人惊讶的是，这里的列表理解[ ... ]比没有的更快，无论是短列表还是长列表：

短名单：

>>> timeit('isinstance(x, (list, tuple)) and all(isinstance(i, basestring) for i in x)', "x=['a','b','c']")
2.7594685942680144
>>> timeit('isinstance(x, (list, tuple)) and all(isinstance(i, basestring) for i in x)', "x=['a','b','c']")
2.8013695153947538
>>> timeit('isinstance(x, (list, tuple)) and all([isinstance(i, basestring) for i in x])', "x=['a','b','c']")
2.4351678506033068
>>> timeit('isinstance(x, (list, tuple)) and all([isinstance(i, basestring) for i in x])', "x=['a','b','c']")
2.4491469896721583

长名单：

>>> timeit('isinstance(x, (list, tuple)) and all(isinstance(i, basestring) for i in x)', "x=['a','b','c'] * 1000", number=1000)
1.3357901657891489
>>> timeit('isinstance(x, (list, tuple)) and all(isinstance(i, basestring) for i in x)', "x=['a','b','c'] * 1000", number=1000)
1.3305278872818462
>>> timeit('isinstance(x, (list, tuple)) and all([isinstance(i, basestring) for i in x])', "x=['a','b','c'] * 1000", number=1000)
1.2626525921055531
>>> timeit('isinstance(x, (list, tuple)) and all([isinstance(i, basestring) for i in x])', "x=['a','b','c'] * 1000", number=1000)
1.2881240045551863

Answer 3

没有内置定义泛型类型。但是有很多验证库可以模仿这个功能。

使用https://github.com/alectomas/voluptuous的示例：

>>> from voluptuous import Schema
>>> s_list = Schema([basestring]) # only strings in a list are allowed
>>> s_list("hello") 
...
voluptuous.InvalidList: expected a list
>>> s_list([123])
...
voluptuous.InvalidList: invalid list value @ data[0]
>>> s_list(["correct"])
["correct"] # returns the object, if validation was successful

前几天，这个库增加了对元组的支持：

>>> s_tuple = voluptuous.Schema((basestring, ))

现在将两者结合起来得到你的结果：

>>> from voluptuous import any

# - this is now equivalent to your code
# - raises Exceptions on invalid input
>>> schema = Schema(any(s_list, s_tuple))

甚至比 double- 还要快一点isinstance：

>>> from timeit import timeit

>>> timeit('(schema(i) for i in x)', "x=['a','b','c']")
0.679318904876709

>>> timeit("""
        (isinstance(x, (list, tuple)) 
         and all(isinstance(i, basestring)) for i in x)""", "x=['a','b','c']")
0.7801780700683594

Answer 4

使用 voluptuous '0.8.7' 您可以从miku更新答案并跳过“元组部分”：

>>> from voluptuous import Schema
>>> from timeit import timeit
>>> s_list = Schema([basestring]) # only strings in a list are allowed
>>> timeit('(s_list(i) for i in x)', "x=['a','b','c']")
0.503572940826416
>>> timeit("(isinstance(x, (list, tuple)) and all(isinstance(i, basestring)) for i in x)", "x=['a','b','c']")
0.5400209426879883