我使用的是Oracle 11g,主表有大约10m 条记录。这是我的查询:
SELECT COUNT (*)
FROM CONTACT c INNER JOIN STATUS S ON C.STATUS = S.STATUS
WHERE C.USER = 1 AND S.REQUIRE = 1 AND ROWNUM = 1;
成本是 3736,但是当我将其更改为这种形式时:
SELECT COUNT (*) FROM
(SELECT 1 FROM CONTACT c INNER JOIN STATUS S ON C.STATUS = S.STATUS
WHERE C.USER = 1 AND S.REQUIRE = 1 AND ROWNUM = 1);
成本变成了 5!这两个查询有什么区别?
以下是两个查询的解释计划:
第一个查询:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 10 | 3736 (1)| 00:00:45 |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | 10 | | |
|* 2 | COUNT STOPKEY | | | | | |
| 3 | NESTED LOOPS | | 4627 | 46270 | 3736 (1)| 00:00:45 |
| 4 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| CONTACT | 6610 | 33050 | 3736 (1)| 00:00:45 |
|* 5 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IX_CONTACT_USR | 6610 | | 20 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 6 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IX_CONTACT_STATUS | 1 | 5 | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - filter(ROWNUM=1)
5 - access("C"."USER"=1)
6 - access("C"."STATUS"="S"."STATUS" AND "S"."REQUIRE"=1)
第二个查询:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 5 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | | |
| 2 | VIEW | | 1 | | 5 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 3 | COUNT STOPKEY | | | | | |
| 4 | NESTED LOOPS | | 2 | 20 | 5 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 5 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| CONTACT | 3 | 15 | 5 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 6 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IX_CONTACT_USR | 6610 | | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 7 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IX_CONTACT_STATUS | 1 | 5 | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
3 - filter(ROWNUM=1)
6 - access("C"."USER"=1)
7 - access("C"."STATUS"="S"."STATUS" AND "S"."REQUIRE"=1)
我执行了 2 次查询,第一次有时会花费 45 秒以上(例如第一次运行或更改用户 ID),否则会花费 <1 秒。我完全不知道为什么它如此不同,也许是数据库缓存?
当我执行第二个查询时,我总是可以在 1 秒内得到结果。所以我认为第二个更好,但我不知道它改进很多的原因。