对于这种类型的数据转换,您需要同时应用UNPIVOT
和PIVOT
函数。从多列中UNPIVOT
获取数据并将其放入行中,然后PIVOT
获取行并将其转换回列。
要执行UNPIVOT
转换为行的所有值,必须是相同的数据类型,因此可能需要进行转换。
反透视:
select MaGiangVienID,
value,
col +'_'+DateId col
from
(
select MaGiangVienID,
cast(SoTiet1 as varchar(50)) SoTiet1,
cast(SoTiet2 as varchar(50)) SoTiet2,
DateID
from yourtable
) src
unpivot
(
value
for col in (SoTiet1, SoTiet2)
) unpiv
请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo。unpivot 的结果是:
| MAGIANGVIENID | VALUE | COL |
-----------------------------------------
| 79000G07.000206 | 60 | SoTiet1_t11 |
| 79000G07.000206 | 60.00 | SoTiet2_t11 |
| 79000G07.000206 | 54 | SoTiet1_t12 |
| 79000G07.000206 | 54.00 | SoTiet2_t12 |
如您所见,UNPIVOT
生成新的列名DateId
并附加到它的末尾。现在您应用该PIVOT
功能。
静态枢轴:
select MaGiangVienID, SoTiet1_t11, SoTiet2_t11, SoTiet1_t12, SoTiet2_t12
from
(
select MaGiangVienID,
value,
col +'_'+DateId col
from
(
select MaGiangVienID,
cast(SoTiet1 as varchar(50)) SoTiet1,
cast(SoTiet2 as varchar(50)) SoTiet2,
DateID
from yourtable
) src
unpivot
(
value
for col in (SoTiet1, SoTiet2)
) unpiv
) src
pivot
(
max(value)
for col in (SoTiet1_t11, SoTiet2_t11, SoTiet1_t12, SoTiet2_t12)
) piv
请参阅带有演示的 SQL Fiddle
现在,如果您有已知数量的DateId
值,但您声明没有,则上述版本非常有效,因此您将希望使用动态 sql 实现相同的查询。
动态枢轴:
DECLARE @colsUnpivot AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
@query AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
@colsPivot as NVARCHAR(MAX)
select @colsUnpivot = stuff((select ','+quotename(C.name)
from sys.columns as C
where C.object_id = object_id('yourtable') and
C.name not in ('MaGiangVienID', 'DateID')
for xml path('')), 1, 1, '')
select @colsPivot = STUFF((SELECT DISTINCT ','
+ quotename(c.name + '_'+t.DateId)
from yourtable t
cross apply sys.columns as C
where C.object_id = object_id('yourtable') and
C.name not in ('MaGiangVienID', 'DateID')
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
,1,1,'')
set @query
= 'select MaGiangVienID, '+@colsPivot+'
from
(
select MaGiangVienID, value, col +''_''+DateId col
from
(
select MaGiangVienID,
cast(SoTiet1 as varchar(50)) SoTiet1,
cast(SoTiet2 as varchar(50)) SoTiet2,
DateID
from yourtable
) src
unpivot
(
value
for col in ('+@colsUnpivot+')
) unpiv
) src
pivot
(
max(value)
for col in ('+ @colspivot +')
) p'
exec(@query)
请参阅带有演示的 SQL Fiddle
两个版本产生相同的结果:
结果是:
| MAGIANGVIENID | SOTIET1_T11 | SOTIET2_T11 | SOTIET1_T12 | SOTIET2_T12 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 79000G07.000206 | 60 | 60.00 | 54 | 54.00 |
如果您无权访问UNPIVOT
/PIVOT
函数,则可以复制查询。该UNPIVOT
函数可以使用 a 复制UNION ALL
,并且PIVOT
可以使用CASE
带有聚合函数的语句生成:
select MaGiangVienID,
max(case when col = 'SoTiet1_t11' then value end) SoTiet1_t11,
max(case when col = 'SoTiet2_t11' then value end) SoTiet2_t11,
max(case when col = 'SoTiet1_t12' then value end) SoTiet1_t12,
max(case when col = 'SoTiet2_t12' then value end) SoTiet2_t12
from
(
select MaGiangVienID, 'SoTiet1_t11' col, cast(SoTiet1 as varchar(50)) value
from yourtable
where DateID = 't11'
union all
select MaGiangVienID, 'SoTiet2_t11' col, cast(SoTiet2 as varchar(50)) value
from yourtable
where DateID = 't11'
union all
select MaGiangVienID, 'SoTiet1_t12' col, cast(SoTiet1 as varchar(50)) value
from yourtable
where DateID = 't12'
union all
select MaGiangVienID, 'SoTiet2_t12' col, cast(SoTiet2 as varchar(50)) value
from yourtable
where DateID = 't12'
) src
group by MaGiangVienID
请参阅带有演示的 SQL Fiddle
所有版本都将产生相同的结果。