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可能重复:
ruby 是否有 Java 等效的 synchronize 关键字?

在 Java 中,我们可以通过在函数定义中使用“synchronized”关键字来使方法“同步”。

我们如何在 Ruby 中做到这一点?

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1 回答 1

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Ruby 中不存在 Synchronize 关键字。或者,只需将方法调用包装到Mutex(即 Lock 的花哨词)。

为该类创建新的共享互斥锁(每个人都必须使用相同的互斥锁(锁)来访问相同的变量):

NUM_THREADS = 4

class Foo
  def initialize
    @my_mutex = Mutex.new
    @my_val = 0 # should be private
  end

  def synchronize(&block)
    # to see what it does without the mutex in this example:
    # 1) comment this line
    @my_mutex.synchronize(&block)
    # 2) uncomment this line
    # yield
  end

  def current_value
    synchronize do
      @my_val
    end
  end

  def modify
    # the value should be 0 before and 0 after, if the Mutex is used correctly
    synchronize do
      @my_val += 1
      sleep 0.25
      @my_val -= 1
      sleep 0.25
    end
  end
end

foo = Foo.new

threads = []

# spawn N threads, all trying to change the value
threads += (1..NUM_THREADS).map { |i|
  Thread.new {
    puts "thread [##{i}]: modifying"
    foo.modify
  }
}

# spawn checking thread
threads << Thread.new {
  # print the value twice as fast as the other threads are changing it, so we are more likely to stumble upon wrong state
  (NUM_THREADS * 2).times {
    puts "thread [check]: checking..."
    raise if foo.current_value != 0 # locking failed, crash
    sleep 0.25
  }
}

threads.map { |t| t.join } # wait for all threads

puts "even though it took a while longer, it didn't crash, everyone is happy, managers didn't fire me... it worked!"

请参阅http://apidock.com/ruby/Mutex

由于所有这些锁定,程序运行时间更长。速度取决于您的 ruby​​ 实现(例如绿色线程、本机线程..)和内核数量。如果您在上面的示例中禁用互斥锁,程序会立即崩溃,因为检查线程中的提升防护。请注意,检查线程也必须使用互斥锁,否则它仍然能够读取其他线程更改中间的值。即每个人都必须使用相同的互斥锁来访问该变量。

为了弥补synchronized关键字的不足,我定义synchronize了使用类定义的方法Mutex

于 2012-12-30T12:40:42.827 回答