postgresql - 如何获得具有连续增加数字的列，而不会丢失任何数字？

Question

可能的重复：
如何在 PostgreSQL 查询中显示行号？使用带有子选择的更新
对 Postgresql PostgreSQL 记录重新排序中具有标识符的列进行重新排序

我只是问在 PostgreSQL 中是否存在这样的可能性，如果我有 5 行并且在一列中有数字1, 2, 3, 4, 5并且在那些列中不是主键，如果我删除说 postgreSQL 重新枚举该列的 tird 行，那么我可以有1, 2, 3, 4而不是1, 2, 4, 5？

Answer 1

改编自之前的答案。当应用程序需要变量的制表顺序（阅读：EAV 模型中的记录）时，这种事情经常发生，这也可能是（部分）备用键。

• 该priority字段需要保持连续。[这是标签顺序]
• 在 INSERT 上：优先级 >= 新记录的所有记录的优先级都应该增加
• 类似地：在 DELETE -> decremented
• 如果一条记录的优先级被 UPDATE 更改，新旧优先级值之间的记录的优先级应该向上或向下移动。
• 避免递归触发器调用：
  • 基于触发器的更新会翻转flipflag他们接触的任何记录。
  • 他们测试old.flipflag=new.flipflag以检测真正的更新。（那些不是由触发引起的）

---

        -- Make some data
DROP SCHEMA tmp CASCADE;
CREATE SCHEMA tmp ;
SET search_path=tmp;

CREATE TABLE fruits
        ( id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY
        , priority INTEGER NOT NULL
        , flipflag boolean NOT NULL default false
        , zname varchar NOT NULL
        , CONSTRAINT unique_priority UNIQUE (priority) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
        );
INSERT INTO fruits(id,zname,priority) VALUES
 (1  , 'Pear' ,4)
,(2  , 'Apple' ,2)
,(3  , 'Orange' ,1)
,(4  , 'Banana' ,3)
,(5  , 'Peach' ,5)
        ;

        -- Trigger functions for Insert/update/delete
CREATE function shift_priority()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $body$

BEGIN
        UPDATE fruits fr
        SET priority = priority +1
        , flipflag = NOT flipflag       -- alternating bit protocol ;-)
        WHERE NEW.priority < OLD.priority
        AND OLD.flipflag = NEW.flipflag -- redundant condition
        AND fr.priority >= NEW.priority
        AND fr.priority < OLD.priority
        AND fr.id <> NEW.id             -- exlude the initiating row
                ;
        UPDATE fruits fr
        SET priority = priority -1
        , flipflag = NOT flipflag
        WHERE NEW.priority > OLD.priority
        AND OLD.flipflag = NEW.flipflag
        AND fr.priority <= NEW.priority
        AND fr.priority > OLD.priority
        AND fr.id <> NEW.id
        ;
        RETURN NEW;
END;

$body$
language plpgsql;

CREATE function shift_down_priority()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $body$

BEGIN

        UPDATE fruits fr
        SET priority = priority -1
        , flipflag = NOT flipflag       -- alternating bit protocol ;-)
        WHERE fr.priority > OLD.priority
                ;
        RETURN NEW;
END;

$body$
language plpgsql;

CREATE function shift_up_priority()
RETURNS TRIGGER AS $body$

BEGIN
        UPDATE fruits fr
        SET priority = priority +1
        , flipflag = NOT flipflag       -- alternating bit protocol ;-)
        WHERE fr.priority >= NEW.priority
                ;
        RETURN NEW;
END;

$body$
language plpgsql;

        -- Triggers for Insert/Update/Delete
CREATE TRIGGER shift_priority_u
        AFTER UPDATE OF priority ON fruits
        FOR EACH ROW
        WHEN (OLD.flipflag = NEW.flipflag AND OLD.priority <> NEW.priority)
        EXECUTE PROCEDURE shift_priority()
        ;
CREATE TRIGGER shift_priority_d
        AFTER DELETE ON fruits
        FOR EACH ROW
        EXECUTE PROCEDURE shift_down_priority()
        ;
CREATE TRIGGER shift_priority_i
        BEFORE INSERT ON fruits
        FOR EACH ROW
        EXECUTE PROCEDURE shift_up_priority()
        ;

        -- Do some I/U/D operations
\echo Pears are Okay
UPDATE fruits
SET priority = 1
WHERE id=1; -- 1,4

SELECT * FROM fruits ORDER BY priority;

\echo dont want bananas
DELETE FROM fruits WHERE id = 4;
SELECT * FROM fruits ORDER BY priority;

\echo  We want Kiwis
INSERT INTO fruits(id,zname,priority) VALUES (4  , 'Kiwi' ,3) ;
SELECT * FROM fruits ORDER BY priority;

结果：

Pears are Okay
UPDATE 1
 id | priority | flipflag | zname  
----+----------+----------+--------
  1 |        1 | f        | Pear
  3 |        2 | t        | Orange
  2 |        3 | t        | Apple
  4 |        4 | t        | Banana
  5 |        5 | f        | Peach
(5 rows)

dont want bananas
DELETE 1
 id | priority | flipflag | zname  
----+----------+----------+--------
  1 |        1 | f        | Pear
  3 |        2 | t        | Orange
  2 |        3 | t        | Apple
  5 |        4 | t        | Peach
(4 rows)

We want Kiwis
INSERT 0 1
 id | priority | flipflag | zname  
----+----------+----------+--------
  1 |        1 | f        | Pear
  3 |        2 | t        | Orange
  4 |        3 | f        | Kiwi
  2 |        4 | f        | Apple
  5 |        5 | f        | Peach
(5 rows)