c++ - 如何在 Windows 上获取进程工作目录？

Question

如何使用本机 API 在 Windows 上获取进程工作目录（对于使用进程句柄或 PID 的另一个进程）？我看过Process and Thread Functions，PSAPI Functions并没有找到。也许WMI？

此外，关于这些主题，PSAPI如何与进程和线程函数相关联？它过时了吗？

Answer 1

为此，您需要比 PSAPI 更重的火炮。下面是如何做到这一点（假设 x86，省略错误处理）：

ProcessBasicInformation     pbi ;
RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS upp ;
PEB   peb ;
DWORD len ;

HANDLE handle = OpenProcess (PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ, FALSE, pid) ;

NtQueryInformationProcess (handle, 0 /*ProcessBasicInformation*/, &pbi,
    sizeof (ProcessBasicInformation), &len) ;

ReadProcessMemory (handle, pbi.PebBaseAddress,    &peb, sizeof (PEB), &len) ;
ReadProcessMemory (handle, peb.ProcessParameters, &upp, sizeof (RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS), &len) ;

WCHAR path = new WCHAR[upp.CurrentDirectoryPath.Length / 2 + 1] ;

ReadProcessMemory (handle, upp.CurrentDirectoryPath.Buffer, path, upp.CurrentDirectoryPath.Length, &len) ;

// null-terminate
path[upp.CurrentDirectoryPath.Length / 2] = 0 ;

请注意，除非进程暂停，否则此方法包含竞争。

Answer 2

为了扩展安东的答案，因为你不能NtQueryInformationProcess像普通函数一样简单地调用，你必须像这样调用 Windows ntdll.dll GetModuleHandleW：

获取cwd.cpp

#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cwchar>

#include <windows.h>
#include <winternl.h>

using std::string;
using std::wstring;
using std::vector;
using std::size_t;

// define process_t type
typedef DWORD process_t;

// #define instead of typedef to override
#define RTL_DRIVE_LETTER_CURDIR struct {\
  WORD Flags;\
  WORD Length;\
  ULONG TimeStamp;\
  STRING DosPath;\
}\

// #define instead of typedef to override
#define RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS struct {\
  ULONG MaximumLength;\
  ULONG Length;\
  ULONG Flags;\
  ULONG DebugFlags;\
  PVOID ConsoleHandle;\
  ULONG ConsoleFlags;\
  PVOID StdInputHandle;\
  PVOID StdOutputHandle;\
  PVOID StdErrorHandle;\
  UNICODE_STRING CurrentDirectoryPath;\
  PVOID CurrentDirectoryHandle;\
  UNICODE_STRING DllPath;\
  UNICODE_STRING ImagePathName;\
  UNICODE_STRING CommandLine;\
  PVOID Environment;\
  ULONG StartingPositionLeft;\
  ULONG StartingPositionTop;\
  ULONG Width;\
  ULONG Height;\
  ULONG CharWidth;\
  ULONG CharHeight;\
  ULONG ConsoleTextAttributes;\
  ULONG WindowFlags;\
  ULONG ShowWindowFlags;\
  UNICODE_STRING WindowTitle;\
  UNICODE_STRING DesktopName;\
  UNICODE_STRING ShellInfo;\
  UNICODE_STRING RuntimeData;\
  RTL_DRIVE_LETTER_CURDIR DLCurrentDirectory[32];\
  ULONG EnvironmentSize;\
}\

// shortens a wide string to a narrow string
static inline string shorten(wstring wstr) {
  int nbytes = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr.c_str(), (int)wstr.length(), NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
  vector<char> buf(nbytes);
  return string { buf.data(), (size_t)WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr.c_str(), (int)wstr.length(), buf.data(), nbytes, NULL, NULL) };
}

// checks whether process handle is 32-bit or not
static inline bool IsX86Process(HANDLE process) {
  BOOL isWow = true;
  SYSTEM_INFO systemInfo = { 0 };
  GetNativeSystemInfo(&systemInfo);
  if (systemInfo.wProcessorArchitecture == PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL)
    return isWow;
  IsWow64Process(process, &isWow);
  return isWow;
}

// helper to open processes based on pid with full debug privileges
static inline HANDLE OpenProcessWithDebugPrivilege(process_t pid) {
  HANDLE hToken;
  LUID luid;
  TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tkp;
  OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken);
  LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_DEBUG_NAME, &luid);
  tkp.PrivilegeCount = 1;
  tkp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid;
  tkp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
  AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, false, &tkp, sizeof(tkp), NULL, NULL);
  CloseHandle(hToken);
  return OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, pid);
}

// helper to get wide character string of pids cwd based on handle
static inline wchar_t *GetCurrentWorkingDirectoryW(HANDLE proc) {
  PEB peb;
  SIZE_T nRead;
  ULONG res_len = 0;
  PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION pbi;
  RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS upp;
  HMODULE p_ntdll = GetModuleHandleW(L"ntdll.dll");
  typedef NTSTATUS (__stdcall *tfn_qip)(HANDLE, PROCESSINFOCLASS, PVOID, ULONG, PULONG);
  tfn_qip pfn_qip = tfn_qip(GetProcAddress(p_ntdll, "NtQueryInformationProcess"));
  NTSTATUS status = pfn_qip(proc, ProcessBasicInformation, &pbi, sizeof(pbi), &res_len);
  if (status) { return NULL; } 
  ReadProcessMemory(proc, pbi.PebBaseAddress, &peb, sizeof(peb), &nRead);
  if (!nRead) { return NULL; }
  ReadProcessMemory(proc, peb.ProcessParameters, &upp, sizeof(upp), &nRead);
  if (!nRead) { return NULL; }
  PVOID buffer = upp.CurrentDirectoryPath.Buffer;
  USHORT length = upp.CurrentDirectoryPath.Length;
  wchar_t *res = new wchar_t[length / 2 + 1];
  ReadProcessMemory(proc, buffer, res, length, &nRead);
  if (!nRead) { return NULL; }
  res[length / 2] = 0;
  return res;
}

// get cwd of pid as a narrow string
string cwd_from_pid(process_t pid) {
  string cwd;
  // open process of pid using full debug privilege
  HANDLE proc = OpenProcessWithDebugPrivilege(pid);
  wchar_t *wcwd = NULL;
  if (IsX86Process(GetCurrentProcess())) {
    if (IsX86Process(proc)) {
      wcwd = GetCurrentWorkingDirectoryW(proc);
    }
  } else {
    if (!IsX86Process(proc)) {
      wcwd = GetCurrentWorkingDirectoryW(proc);
    }
  }
  if (wcwd != NULL) {
    // converts to UTF-8
    cwd = shorten(wcwd);
    // free memory
    delete[] wcwd; 
  }
  // adds trailing slash if one doesn't yet exist or leave empty
  return (cwd.back() == '\\' || cwd.empty()) ? cwd : cwd + "\\";
  // return cwd; // or get the directories completely unmodified
}

// test function (can be omitted)
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  if (argc == 2) {
    printf("%s", cwd_from_pid(stoul(string(argv[1]), nullptr, 10)).c_str());
    printf("%s", "\r\n");
  } else {
    printf("%s", cwd_from_pid(GetCurrentProcessId()).c_str());
    printf("%s", "\r\n");
  }
  return 0;
}

buildx86.sh

cd "${0%/*}"
g++ getcwd.cpp -o getcwd.exe -std=c++17 -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ -static -m32

buildx64.sh

cd "${0%/*}"
g++ getcwd.cpp -o getcwd.exe -std=c++17 -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ -static -m64

请注意，这使用了一个私有 API，该 API 可能会在没有警告的情况下进行更改，因此将在没有通知或任何文档的情况下停止工作。调用进程/exe 需要与此方法工作的目标具有相同的体系结构。否则，它将返回一个空字符串。

如果您知道如何从 CreateProcess() 读取打印输出，则可以根据目标可执行文件的架构启动相应架构的 CLI 可执行文件。这意味着要依赖多个可执行文件来构建您的项目，这很慢，但根据您的用例，它仍然是可以接受的。显然，除非你经常为此创建一个新进程（不是太频繁），否则它不会是理想的，不应该让你的程序减慢太多。

Answer 3

这是一个很好的问题，但是当我看到所有这些包含这么多代码的答案时，它让我心碎。您想要获取当前工作目录的“本机”方法；解决了。

打开当前进程，读取内存，根本不是“原生的”。

Windows 进程在 PEB 中保存了大量信息，您不需要太多代码即可获取它。事实上，这很简单：

NtCurrentPeb()->ProcessParameters->CurrentDirectory.DosPath

Answer 4

"."始终是当前目录。我认为它会起作用。