在我最终让它工作之前，我不得不尝试许多变体。一个关键是留出足够的时间让 javascript 完全运行。但是还有一些其他的细节我不记得了——你可以在我的过滤器版本下面找到似乎对我有用的，看看我设置的参数，有些是让这个东西工作的关键。除了取决于要执行的代码（以及服务器快速运行它的能力）的计时器参数之外，它非常通用，所以我不明白为什么谷歌不一劳永逸地打包这样的功能！
/**
* Special URL token that gets passed from the crawler to the servlet filter.
* This token is used in case there are already existing query parameters.
*/
private static final String ESCAPED_FRAGMENT_FORMAT1 = "_escaped_fragment_=";
private static final int ESCAPED_FRAGMENT_LENGTH1 = ESCAPED_FRAGMENT_FORMAT1.length();
/**
* Special URL token that gets passed from the crawler to the servlet filter.
* This token is used in case there are not already existing query parameters.
*/
private static final String ESCAPED_FRAGMENT_FORMAT2 = "&"+ESCAPED_FRAGMENT_FORMAT1;
private static final int ESCAPED_FRAGMENT_LENGTH2 = ESCAPED_FRAGMENT_FORMAT2.length();
private class SyncAllAjaxController extends NicelyResynchronizingAjaxController
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
public boolean processSynchron(HtmlPage page, WebRequest request, boolean async)
{
return true;
}
}
private WebClient webClient = null;
private static final long _pumpEventLoopTimeoutMillis = 200;
private static final long _jsTimeoutMillis = 200;
private static final long _pageWaitMillis = 100;
final int _maxLoopChecks = 2;
public void destroy()
{
if (webClient != null)
webClient.closeAllWindows();
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws IOException, ServletException
{
// Grab the request uri and query strings.
final HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
final String requestURI = httpRequest.getRequestURI();
final String queryString = httpRequest.getQueryString();
final HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
if ((queryString != null) && (queryString.contains(ESCAPED_FRAGMENT_FORMAT1)))
{
// This is a Googlebot crawler request, let's return a static indexable html page
// post javascript execution, as rendered in the browser.
final String domain = httpRequest.getServerName();
final int port = httpRequest.getServerPort();
// Rewrite the URL back to the original #! version
// -- basically remove _escaped_fragment_ from the query.
// Unescape any %XX characters as need be.
final String urlStringWithHashFragment = requestURI + rewriteQueryString(queryString);
final String protocol = httpRequest.getProtocol();
final URL urlWithHashFragment = new URL(protocol, domain, port, urlStringWithHashFragment);
final WebRequest webRequest = new WebRequest(urlWithHashFragment);
// Use the headless browser to obtain an HTML snapshot.
webClient = new WebClient(BrowserVersion.FIREFOX_3_6);
webClient.getCache().clear();
webClient.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
webClient.setThrowExceptionOnScriptError(false);
webClient.setRedirectEnabled(false);
webClient.setAjaxController(new SyncAllAjaxController());
webClient.setCssErrorHandler(new SilentCssErrorHandler());
if (_logger.isInfoEnabled())
_logger.info("HtmlUnit starting webClient.getPage(webRequest) where webRequest = " + webRequest.toString());
final HtmlPage page = webClient.getPage(webRequest);
// Important! Give the headless browser enough time to execute JavaScript
// The exact time to wait may depend on your application.
webClient.getJavaScriptEngine().pumpEventLoop(_pumpEventLoopTimeoutMillis);
int waitForBackgroundJavaScript = webClient.waitForBackgroundJavaScript(_jsTimeoutMillis);
int loopCount = 0;
while (waitForBackgroundJavaScript > 0 && loopCount < _maxLoopChecks)
{
++loopCount;
waitForBackgroundJavaScript = webClient.waitForBackgroundJavaScript(_jsTimeoutMillis);
if (waitForBackgroundJavaScript == 0)
{
if (_logger.isTraceEnabled())
_logger.trace("HtmlUnit exits background javascript at loop counter " + loopCount);
break;
}
synchronized (page)
{
if (_logger.isTraceEnabled())
_logger.trace("HtmlUnit waits for background javascript at loop counter " + loopCount);
try
{
page.wait(_pageWaitMillis);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
_logger.error("HtmlUnit ERROR on page.wait at loop counter " + loopCount);
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
webClient.getAjaxController().processSynchron(page, webRequest, false);
if (webClient.getJavaScriptEngine().isScriptRunning())
{
_logger.warn("HtmlUnit webClient.getJavaScriptEngine().shutdownJavaScriptExecutor()");
webClient.getJavaScriptEngine().shutdownJavaScriptExecutor();
}
// Return the static snapshot.
final String staticSnapshotHtml = page.asXml();
httpResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
final PrintWriter out = httpResponse.getWriter();
out.println("<hr />");
out.println("<center><h3>Page non-interactive pour le crawler.");
out.println("La page interactive est: <a href=\""
+ urlWithHashFragment
+ "\">"
+ urlWithHashFragment + "</a></h3></center>");
out.println("<hr />");
out.println(staticSnapshotHtml);
// Close web client.
webClient.closeAllWindows();
out.println("");
out.flush();
out.close();
if (_logger.isInfoEnabled())
_logger.info("HtmlUnit completed webClient.getPage(webRequest) where webRequest = " + webRequest.toString());
}
else
{
if (requestURI.contains(".nocache."))
{
// Ensure the gwt nocache bootstrapping file is never cached.
// References:
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4274053/how-to-clear-cache-in-gwt
// http://seewah.blogspot.com/2009/02/gwt-tips-2-nocachejs-getting-cached-in.html
//
final Date now = new Date();
httpResponse.setDateHeader("Date", now.getTime());
httpResponse.setDateHeader("Expires", now.getTime() - 86400000L); // One day old.
httpResponse.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
httpResponse.setHeader("Cache-control", "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate");
}
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
/**
* Maps from the query string that contains _escaped_fragment_ to one that
* doesn't, but is instead followed by a hash fragment. It also unescapes any
* characters that were escaped by the crawler. If the query string does not
* contain _escaped_fragment_, it is not modified.
*
* @param queryString
* @return A modified query string followed by a hash fragment if applicable.
* The non-modified query string otherwise.
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
private static String rewriteQueryString(String queryString)
throws UnsupportedEncodingException
{
// Seek the escaped fragment.
int index = queryString.indexOf(ESCAPED_FRAGMENT_FORMAT2);
int length = ESCAPED_FRAGMENT_LENGTH2;
if (index == -1)
{
index = queryString.indexOf(ESCAPED_FRAGMENT_FORMAT1);
length = ESCAPED_FRAGMENT_LENGTH1;
}
if (index != -1)
{
// Found the escaped fragment, so build back the original decoded one.
final StringBuilder queryStringSb = new StringBuilder();
// Add url parameters if any.
if (index > 0)
{
queryStringSb.append("?");
queryStringSb.append(queryString.substring(0, index));
}
// Add the hash fragment as a replacement for the escaped fragment.
queryStringSb.append("#!");
// Add the decoded token.
final String token2Decode = queryString.substring(index + length, queryString.length());
final String tokenDecoded = URLDecoder.decode(token2Decode, "UTF-8");
queryStringSb.append(tokenDecoded);
return queryStringSb.toString();
}
return queryString;
}