我一直在尝试改善现有 Oracle 数据库驱动应用程序的查询时间,该应用程序运行缓慢。该应用程序执行几个大型查询,例如下面的查询,可能需要一个多小时才能运行。DISTINCT
在下面的查询中用GROUP BY
子句替换将执行时间从 100 分钟缩短到 10 秒。我的理解是,SELECT DISTINCT
并且GROUP BY
以几乎相同的方式操作。为什么执行时间之间存在如此巨大的差异?查询在后端执行的方式有什么区别?有没有SELECT DISTINCT
跑得更快的情况?
注意:在以下查询中,WHERE TASK_INVENTORY_STEP.STEP_TYPE = 'TYPE A'
仅表示可以过滤结果的多种方式之一。提供此示例是为了说明连接所有未包含列的表的原因,这SELECT
将导致大约十分之一的可用数据
SQL 使用DISTINCT
:
SELECT DISTINCT
ITEMS.ITEM_ID,
ITEMS.ITEM_CODE,
ITEMS.ITEMTYPE,
ITEM_TRANSACTIONS.STATUS,
(SELECT COUNT(PKID)
FROM ITEM_PARENTS
WHERE PARENT_ITEM_ID = ITEMS.ITEM_ID
) AS CHILD_COUNT
FROM
ITEMS
INNER JOIN ITEM_TRANSACTIONS
ON ITEMS.ITEM_ID = ITEM_TRANSACTIONS.ITEM_ID
AND ITEM_TRANSACTIONS.FLAG = 1
LEFT OUTER JOIN ITEM_METADATA
ON ITEMS.ITEM_ID = ITEM_METADATA.ITEM_ID
LEFT OUTER JOIN JOB_INVENTORY
ON ITEMS.ITEM_ID = JOB_INVENTORY.ITEM_ID
LEFT OUTER JOIN JOB_TASK_INVENTORY
ON JOB_INVENTORY.JOB_ITEM_ID = JOB_TASK_INVENTORY.JOB_ITEM_ID
LEFT OUTER JOIN JOB_TASKS
ON JOB_TASK_INVENTORY.TASKID = JOB_TASKS.TASKID
LEFT OUTER JOIN JOBS
ON JOB_TASKS.JOB_ID = JOBS.JOB_ID
LEFT OUTER JOIN TASK_INVENTORY_STEP
ON JOB_INVENTORY.JOB_ITEM_ID = TASK_INVENTORY_STEP.JOB_ITEM_ID
LEFT OUTER JOIN TASK_STEP_INFORMATION
ON TASK_INVENTORY_STEP.JOB_ITEM_ID = TASK_STEP_INFORMATION.JOB_ITEM_ID
WHERE
TASK_INVENTORY_STEP.STEP_TYPE = 'TYPE A'
ORDER BY
ITEMS.ITEM_CODE
SQL 使用GROUP BY
:
SELECT
ITEMS.ITEM_ID,
ITEMS.ITEM_CODE,
ITEMS.ITEMTYPE,
ITEM_TRANSACTIONS.STATUS,
(SELECT COUNT(PKID)
FROM ITEM_PARENTS
WHERE PARENT_ITEM_ID = ITEMS.ITEM_ID
) AS CHILD_COUNT
FROM
ITEMS
INNER JOIN ITEM_TRANSACTIONS
ON ITEMS.ITEM_ID = ITEM_TRANSACTIONS.ITEM_ID
AND ITEM_TRANSACTIONS.FLAG = 1
LEFT OUTER JOIN ITEM_METADATA
ON ITEMS.ITEM_ID = ITEM_METADATA.ITEM_ID
LEFT OUTER JOIN JOB_INVENTORY
ON ITEMS.ITEM_ID = JOB_INVENTORY.ITEM_ID
LEFT OUTER JOIN JOB_TASK_INVENTORY
ON JOB_INVENTORY.JOB_ITEM_ID = JOB_TASK_INVENTORY.JOB_ITEM_ID
LEFT OUTER JOIN JOB_TASKS
ON JOB_TASK_INVENTORY.TASKID = JOB_TASKS.TASKID
LEFT OUTER JOIN JOBS
ON JOB_TASKS.JOB_ID = JOBS.JOB_ID
LEFT OUTER JOIN TASK_INVENTORY_STEP
ON JOB_INVENTORY.JOB_ITEM_ID = TASK_INVENTORY_STEP.JOB_ITEM_ID
LEFT OUTER JOIN TASK_STEP_INFORMATION
ON TASK_INVENTORY_STEP.JOB_ITEM_ID = TASK_STEP_INFORMATION.JOB_ITEM_ID
WHERE
TASK_INVENTORY_STEP.STEP_TYPE = 'TYPE A'
GROUP BY
ITEMS.ITEM_ID,
ITEMS.ITEM_CODE,
ITEMS.ITEMTYPE,
ITEM_TRANSACTIONS.STATUS
ORDER BY
ITEMS.ITEM_CODE
这是使用以下查询的 Oracle 查询计划DISTINCT
:
这是使用以下查询的 Oracle 查询计划GROUP BY
: