c# - 构建器之间的继承 - 如何处理类型？

Question

我在 C# 中有这个构建器（当然，示例被简化了）：

class BusBuilder
{
    Wheels mWheels = DefaultWheels;
    int mRoute = 0;

    public BusBuilder WithWheels(Wheels aWheels)
    {
        mWheels = aWheels;
        return this;
    }

    public BusBuilder WithRoute(int aRoute)
    {
        mRoute = aRoute;
        return this;
    }

    public Bus Build()
    {
        return new Bus { Wheels = mWheels, Route = mRoute };
    }
}

它是这样使用的：

Bus bus = 
    new BusBuilder()
    .WithWheels(someWheels)
    .WithRoute(50)
    .Build()

现在我想提取一个只包含一些方法的超类：

class VehicleBuilder
{
    Wheels mWheels = DefaultWheels;

    public VehicleBuilder WithWheels(Wheels aWheels)
    {
        mWheels = aWheels;
        return this;
    }
}

class BusBuilder : VehicleBuilder
{
    ...
}

问题是现在我不能写

Bus bus = 
    new BusBuilder()
    .WithWheels(someWheels)
    .WithRoute(50)
    .Build()

因为WithWheels返回 aVehicleBuilder而不是 a BusBuilder，因此没有定义WithRoute方法。

你会怎么设计这个？

Answer 1

当涉及到继承时，构建器模式有点让人头疼。你可以这样做：

class VehicleBuilder<T> where T : VehicleBuilder<T>
{
    private T @this;

    protected VehicleBuilder()
    {
        // Or pass it in as a constructor parameter
        @this = (T) this;
    }

    public T WithWheels(...)
    {
        return @this;
    }
}

然后：

class BusBuilder : VehicleBuilder<BusBuilder>
{
    ...
}

那时，您的WithWheels方法仍将返回 a BusBuilder，因此您仍然可以调用WithRoute.

您还需要Build在每个派生类构建器中使用一个新方法，请注意...