我正在尝试解决 MySQL 上的性能问题，所以我想创建一个较小版本的表来使用。当我在查询中添加 LIMIT 子句时，它从大约 2 秒（对于完整插入）变为天文数字（42 分钟）。
mysql> select pr.player_id, max(pr.insert_date) as insert_date from player_record pr
inner join date_curr dc on pr.player_id = dc.player_id where pr.insert_date < '2012-05-15'
group by pr.player_id;
+------------+-------------+
| 1002395119 | 2012-05-14 |
...
| 1002395157 | 2012-05-14 |
| 1002395187 | 2012-05-14 |
| 1002395475 | 2012-05-14 |
+------------+-------------+
105776 rows in set (2.19 sec)
mysql> select pr.player_id, max(pr.insert_date) as insert_date from player_record pr
inner join date_curr dc on pr.player_id = dc.player_id where pr.insert_date < '2012-05-15'
group by pr.player_id limit 1;
+------------+-------------+
| player_id | insert_date |
+------------+-------------+
| 1000000080 | 2012-05-14 |
+------------+-------------+
1 row in set (42 min 23.26 sec)
mysql> describe player_record;
+------------------------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| player_id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| insert_date | date | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| xp | int(10) unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
+------------------------+------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
17 rows in set (0.01 sec) (most columns removed)
player_record 表中有 2000 万行，因此我在内存中为我要比较的特定日期创建了两个表。
CREATE temporary TABLE date_curr
(
player_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
insert_date DATE,
PRIMARY KEY player_id (player_id, insert_date)
) ENGINE=MEMORY;
INSERT into date_curr
SELECT player_id,
MAX(insert_date) AS insert_date
FROM player_record
WHERE insert_date BETWEEN '2012-05-15' AND '2012-05-15' + INTERVAL 6 DAY
GROUP BY player_id;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE date_prev LIKE date_curr;
INSERT into date_prev
SELECT pr.player_id,
MAX(pr.insert_date) AS insert_date
FROM player_record pr
INNER join date_curr dc
ON pr.player_id = dc.player_id
WHERE pr.insert_date < '2012-05-15'
GROUP BY pr.player_id limit 0,20000;
date_curr 有 216k 条目，如果我不使用限制， date_prev 有 105k 条目。
这些表只是流程的一部分，用于将另一个表（5 亿行）缩减为可管理的内容。date_curr 包括当前周的 player_id 和 insert_date，date_prev 包含当前周之前的 player_id 和最近的 insert_date，用于 date_curr 中存在的任何 player_id。
这是解释输出：
mysql> explain SELECT pr.player_id,
MAX(pr.insert_date) AS insert_date
FROM player_record pr
INNER JOIN date_curr dc
ON pr.player_id = dc.player_id
WHERE pr.insert_date < '2012-05-15'
GROUP BY pr.player_id
LIMIT 0,20000;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+----------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+----------------------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | pr | range | PRIMARY,insert_date | insert_date | 3 | NULL | 396828 | Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort |
| 1 | SIMPLE | dc | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 216825 | Using where; Using join buffer |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------------+-------------+---------+------+--------+----------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)
这是在一个有 24G RAM 专用于数据库的系统上，目前几乎是空闲的。这个特定的数据库是测试，所以它是完全静态的。我重新启动了mysql，它仍然具有相同的行为。
这是“show profile all”输出，大部分时间都花在复制到 tmp 表上。
| Status | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Context_voluntary | Context_involuntary | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out | Messages_sent | Messages_received | Page_faults_major | Page_faults_minor | Swaps | Source_function | Source_file | Source_line |
| Copying to tmp table | 999.999999 | 999.999999 | 0.383941 | 110240 | 18983 | 16160 | 448 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 0 | exec | sql_select.cc | 1976 |