161

我想创建一个页面,其中列出了我网站上的所有图像以及标题和替代表示。

我已经给我写了一个小程序来查找和加载所有 HTML 文件,但现在我被困在如何从这个 HTML中提取和src提取:titlealt

<img src="/image/fluffybunny.jpg" title="Harvey the bunny" alt="a cute little fluffy bunny" />

我想这应该用一些正则表达式来完成,但由于标签的顺序可能会有所不同,而且我需要所有这些,我真的不知道如何以一种优雅的方式解析它(我可以通过char方式,但这很痛苦)。

4

10 回答 10

265
$url="http://example.com";

$html = file_get_contents($url);

$doc = new DOMDocument();
@$doc->loadHTML($html);

$tags = $doc->getElementsByTagName('img');

foreach ($tags as $tag) {
       echo $tag->getAttribute('src');
}
于 2010-05-30T05:43:50.690 回答
214

编辑:现在我知道了

使用正则表达式来解决这类问题是一个坏主意,并且可能会导致无法维护和不可靠的代码。最好使用HTML 解析器

正则表达式的解决方案

在这种情况下,最好将过程分成两部分:

  • 获取所有 img 标签
  • 提取他们的元数据

我假设您的文档不是 xHTML 严格的,因此您不能使用 XML 解析器。EG 与此网页源代码:

/* preg_match_all match the regexp in all the $html string and output everything as 
an array in $result. "i" option is used to make it case insensitive */

preg_match_all('/<img[^>]+>/i',$html, $result); 

print_r($result);
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => <img src="/Content/Img/stackoverflow-logo-250.png" width="250" height="70" alt="logo link to homepage" />
            [1] => <img class="vote-up" src="/content/img/vote-arrow-up.png" alt="vote up" title="This was helpful (click again to undo)" />
            [2] => <img class="vote-down" src="/content/img/vote-arrow-down.png" alt="vote down" title="This was not helpful (click again to undo)" />
            [3] => <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/df299babc56f0a79678e567e87a09c31?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG" height=32 width=32 alt="gravatar image" />
            [4] => <img class="vote-up" src="/content/img/vote-arrow-up.png" alt="vote up" title="This was helpful (click again to undo)" />

[...]
        )

)

然后我们通过循环获取所有 img 标签属性:

$img = array();
foreach( $result as $img_tag)
{
    preg_match_all('/(alt|title|src)=("[^"]*")/i',$img_tag, $img[$img_tag]);
}

print_r($img);

Array
(
    [<img src="/Content/Img/stackoverflow-logo-250.png" width="250" height="70" alt="logo link to homepage" />] => Array
        (
            [0] => Array
                (
                    [0] => src="/Content/Img/stackoverflow-logo-250.png"
                    [1] => alt="logo link to homepage"
                )

            [1] => Array
                (
                    [0] => src
                    [1] => alt
                )

            [2] => Array
                (
                    [0] => "/Content/Img/stackoverflow-logo-250.png"
                    [1] => "logo link to homepage"
                )

        )

    [<img class="vote-up" src="/content/img/vote-arrow-up.png" alt="vote up" title="This was helpful (click again to undo)" />] => Array
        (
            [0] => Array
                (
                    [0] => src="/content/img/vote-arrow-up.png"
                    [1] => alt="vote up"
                    [2] => title="This was helpful (click again to undo)"
                )

            [1] => Array
                (
                    [0] => src
                    [1] => alt
                    [2] => title
                )

            [2] => Array
                (
                    [0] => "/content/img/vote-arrow-up.png"
                    [1] => "vote up"
                    [2] => "This was helpful (click again to undo)"
                )

        )

    [<img class="vote-down" src="/content/img/vote-arrow-down.png" alt="vote down" title="This was not helpful (click again to undo)" />] => Array
        (
            [0] => Array
                (
                    [0] => src="/content/img/vote-arrow-down.png"
                    [1] => alt="vote down"
                    [2] => title="This was not helpful (click again to undo)"
                )

            [1] => Array
                (
                    [0] => src
                    [1] => alt
                    [2] => title
                )

            [2] => Array
                (
                    [0] => "/content/img/vote-arrow-down.png"
                    [1] => "vote down"
                    [2] => "This was not helpful (click again to undo)"
                )

        )

    [<img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/df299babc56f0a79678e567e87a09c31?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG" height=32 width=32 alt="gravatar image" />] => Array
        (
            [0] => Array
                (
                    [0] => src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/df299babc56f0a79678e567e87a09c31?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG"
                    [1] => alt="gravatar image"
                )

            [1] => Array
                (
                    [0] => src
                    [1] => alt
                )

            [2] => Array
                (
                    [0] => "http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/df299babc56f0a79678e567e87a09c31?s=32&d=identicon&r=PG"
                    [1] => "gravatar image"
                )

        )

   [..]
        )

)

正则表达式是 CPU 密集型的,因此您可能需要缓存此页面。如果您没有缓存系统,您可以通过使用ob_start并从文本文件加载/保存来调整自己的缓存系统。

这东西是如何工作的?

首先,我们使用preg_match_all,一个获取每个匹配模式的字符串并将其输出到它的第三个参数中的函数。

正则表达式:

<img[^>]+>

我们将其应用于所有 html 网页。它可以被读取为每个以 " " 开头<img、包含非 ">" 字符并以 > 结尾的字符串。

(alt|title|src)=("[^"]*")

我们将它依次应用于每个 img 标签。它可以被解读为每个以“alt”、“title”或“src”开头的字符串,然后是“=”,然后是'"',一堆不是'"'并以'"'结尾的东西. 隔离 () 之间的子字符串

最后,每次您想处理正则表达式时,拥有快速测试它们的好工具会很方便。检查这个在线正则表达式测试器

编辑:回答第一条评论。

确实,我没有考虑过(希望很少)使用单引号的人。

好吧,如果您只使用',只需将所有“替换为'。

如果你把两者混合。首先你应该打自己一巴掌:-),然后尝试使用 ("|') 代替或 " 和 [^ø] 代替 [^"]。

于 2008-09-27T11:33:36.887 回答
67

仅举一个使用 PHP 的 XML 功能完成任务的小例子:

$doc=new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadHTML("<html><body>Test<br><img src=\"myimage.jpg\" title=\"title\" alt=\"alt\"></body></html>");
$xml=simplexml_import_dom($doc); // just to make xpath more simple
$images=$xml->xpath('//img');
foreach ($images as $img) {
    echo $img['src'] . ' ' . $img['alt'] . ' ' . $img['title'];
}

我确实使用了该DOMDocument::loadHTML()方法,因为该方法可以处理 HTML 语法并且不强制输入文档为 XHTML。SimpleXMLElement严格来说,不需要转换为 a - 它只是使使用 xpath 和 xpath 结果更简单。

于 2008-09-26T10:18:20.393 回答
9

如果它是 XHTML,你的例子是,你只需要 simpleXML。

<?php
$input = '<img src="/image/fluffybunny.jpg" title="Harvey the bunny" alt="a cute little fluffy bunny"/>';
$sx = simplexml_load_string($input);
var_dump($sx);
?>

输出:

object(SimpleXMLElement)#1 (1) {
  ["@attributes"]=>
  array(3) {
    ["src"]=>
    string(22) "/image/fluffybunny.jpg"
    ["title"]=>
    string(16) "Harvey the bunny"
    ["alt"]=>
    string(26) "a cute little fluffy bunny"
  }
}
于 2008-09-26T10:30:44.793 回答
6

我使用 preg_match 来做到这一点。

就我而言,我有一个字符串,其中包含<img>从 Wordpress 获得的一个标签(并且没有其他标记),我试图获取该src属性,以便可以通过 timthumb 运行它。

// get the featured image
$image = get_the_post_thumbnail($photos[$i]->ID);

// get the src for that image
$pattern = '/src="([^"]*)"/';
preg_match($pattern, $image, $matches);
$src = $matches[1];
unset($matches);

在抓取标题或替代品的模式中,您可以简单地使用$pattern = '/title="([^"]*)"/';抓取标题或$pattern = '/title="([^"]*)"/';抓取替代品。可悲的是,我的正则表达式还不足以一次通过就抓住所有三个(alt/title/src)。

于 2010-09-28T16:59:34.353 回答
5

您可以使用simplehtmldom。simplehtmldom 支持大多数 jQuery 选择器。下面给出一个例子

// Create DOM from URL or file
$html = file_get_html('http://www.google.com/');

// Find all images
foreach($html->find('img') as $element)
       echo $element->src . '<br>';

// Find all links
foreach($html->find('a') as $element)
       echo $element->href . '<br>'; 
于 2014-01-27T07:24:20.060 回答
4

脚本必须像这样编辑

foreach( $result[0] as $img_tag)

因为 preg_match_all 返回数组数组

于 2009-09-27T05:14:26.607 回答
1

这是一个 PHP 函数,我出于类似目的从上述所有信息中蹒跚而行,即动态调整图像标签的宽度和长度属性……也许有点笨拙,但似乎工作可靠:

function ReSizeImagesInHTML($HTMLContent,$MaximumWidth,$MaximumHeight) {

// find image tags
preg_match_all('/<img[^>]+>/i',$HTMLContent, $rawimagearray,PREG_SET_ORDER); 

// put image tags in a simpler array
$imagearray = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < count($rawimagearray); $i++) {
    array_push($imagearray, $rawimagearray[$i][0]);
}

// put image attributes in another array
$imageinfo = array();
foreach($imagearray as $img_tag) {

    preg_match_all('/(src|width|height)=("[^"]*")/i',$img_tag, $imageinfo[$img_tag]);
}

// combine everything into one array
$AllImageInfo = array();
foreach($imagearray as $img_tag) {

    $ImageSource = str_replace('"', '', $imageinfo[$img_tag][2][0]);
    $OrignialWidth = str_replace('"', '', $imageinfo[$img_tag][2][1]);
    $OrignialHeight = str_replace('"', '', $imageinfo[$img_tag][2][2]);

    $NewWidth = $OrignialWidth; 
    $NewHeight = $OrignialHeight;
    $AdjustDimensions = "F";

    if($OrignialWidth > $MaximumWidth) { 
        $diff = $OrignialWidth-$MaximumHeight; 
        $percnt_reduced = (($diff/$OrignialWidth)*100); 
        $NewHeight = floor($OrignialHeight-(($percnt_reduced*$OrignialHeight)/100)); 
        $NewWidth = floor($OrignialWidth-$diff); 
        $AdjustDimensions = "T";
    }

    if($OrignialHeight > $MaximumHeight) { 
        $diff = $OrignialHeight-$MaximumWidth; 
        $percnt_reduced = (($diff/$OrignialHeight)*100); 
        $NewWidth = floor($OrignialWidth-(($percnt_reduced*$OrignialWidth)/100)); 
        $NewHeight= floor($OrignialHeight-$diff); 
        $AdjustDimensions = "T";
    } 

    $thisImageInfo = array('OriginalImageTag' => $img_tag , 'ImageSource' => $ImageSource , 'OrignialWidth' => $OrignialWidth , 'OrignialHeight' => $OrignialHeight , 'NewWidth' => $NewWidth , 'NewHeight' => $NewHeight, 'AdjustDimensions' => $AdjustDimensions);
    array_push($AllImageInfo, $thisImageInfo);
}

// build array of before and after tags
$ImageBeforeAndAfter = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < count($AllImageInfo); $i++) {

    if($AllImageInfo[$i]['AdjustDimensions'] == "T") {
        $NewImageTag = str_ireplace('width="' . $AllImageInfo[$i]['OrignialWidth'] . '"', 'width="' . $AllImageInfo[$i]['NewWidth'] . '"', $AllImageInfo[$i]['OriginalImageTag']);
        $NewImageTag = str_ireplace('height="' . $AllImageInfo[$i]['OrignialHeight'] . '"', 'height="' . $AllImageInfo[$i]['NewHeight'] . '"', $NewImageTag);

        $thisImageBeforeAndAfter = array('OriginalImageTag' => $AllImageInfo[$i]['OriginalImageTag'] , 'NewImageTag' => $NewImageTag);
        array_push($ImageBeforeAndAfter, $thisImageBeforeAndAfter);
    }
}

// execute search and replace
for ($i = 0; $i < count($ImageBeforeAndAfter); $i++) {
    $HTMLContent = str_ireplace($ImageBeforeAndAfter[$i]['OriginalImageTag'],$ImageBeforeAndAfter[$i]['NewImageTag'], $HTMLContent);
}

return $HTMLContent;

}
于 2011-11-09T07:44:52.330 回答
1

我已阅读此页面上的许多评论,抱怨使用 dom 解析器是不必要的开销。好吧,它可能比单纯的正则表达式调用更昂贵,但 OP 已经声明无法控制 img 标签中属性的顺序。这一事实导致了不必要的正则表达式模式卷积。除此之外,使用 dom 解析器还提供了可读性、可维护性和 dom 感知(regex 不是 dom 感知)的额外好处。

我喜欢正则表达式,我回答了很多正则表达式问题,但是在处理有效的 HTML 时,很少有充分的理由在解析器上进行正则表达式。

在下面的演示中,看看 DOMDocument 是如何简单和干净地以任何顺序处理 img 标记属性并混合引用(并且根本没有引用)。另请注意,没有目标属性的标签根本不会造成破坏——提供一个空字符串作为值。

代码:(演示

$test = <<<HTML
<img src="/image/fluffybunny.jpg" title="Harvey the bunny" alt="a cute little fluffy bunny" />
<img src='/image/pricklycactus.jpg' title='Roger the cactus' alt='a big green prickly cactus' />
<p>This is irrelevant text.</p>
<img alt="an annoying white cockatoo" title="Polly the cockatoo" src="/image/noisycockatoo.jpg">
<img title=something src=somethingelse>
HTML;

libxml_use_internal_errors(true);  // silences/forgives complaints from the parser (remove to see what is generated)
$dom = new DOMDocument();
$dom->loadHTML($test);
foreach ($dom->getElementsByTagName('img') as $i => $img) {
    echo "IMG#{$i}:\n";
    echo "\tsrc = " , $img->getAttribute('src') , "\n";
    echo "\ttitle = " , $img->getAttribute('title') , "\n";
    echo "\talt = " , $img->getAttribute('alt') , "\n";
    echo "---\n";
}

输出:

IMG#0:
    src = /image/fluffybunny.jpg
    title = Harvey the bunny
    alt = a cute little fluffy bunny
---
IMG#1:
    src = /image/pricklycactus.jpg
    title = Roger the cactus
    alt = a big green prickly cactus
---
IMG#2:
    src = /image/noisycockatoo.jpg
    title = Polly the cockatoo
    alt = an annoying white cockatoo
---
IMG#3:
    src = somethingelse
    title = something
    alt = 
---

在专业代码中使用这种技术会给你留下一个干净的脚本,更少的打嗝,更少的同事希望你在其他地方工作。

于 2019-05-15T13:57:38.907 回答
-1

这是 PHP 中的解决方案:

只需下载 QueryPath,然后执行以下操作:

$doc= qp($myHtmlDoc);

foreach($doc->xpath('//img') as $img) {

   $src= $img->attr('src');
   $title= $img->attr('title');
   $alt= $img->attr('alt');

}

就是这样,你完成了!

于 2010-11-13T13:52:25.357 回答