15

考虑以下代码示例(python 2.7):

class Parent:
    def __init__(self, child):
        self.child = child

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        print("Calling __getattr__: "+attr)
        if hasattr(self.child, attr):
            return getattr(self.child, attr)
        else:
            raise AttributeError(attr)

class Child:
    def make_statement(self, age=10):
        print("I am an instance of Child with age "+str(age))

kid = Child()
person = Parent(kid)

kid.make_statement(5)
person.make_statement(20)

可以看出,函数调用通过's函数person.make_statement(20)调用函数。在调用子实例中的相应函数之前,我可以在函数中打印出属性。到目前为止很清楚。Child.make_statementParent__getattr____getattr__

但是调用的参数是如何person.make_statement(20)通过的__getattr__呢?如何在我的__getattr__函数中打印出数字“20”?

4

1 回答 1

27

您没有20在您的__getattr__功能中打印。该函数在 Child 实例上找到make_statement 属性并将其返回。碰巧的是,该属性是一种方法,因此它是可调用的。因此 Python 调用返回的方法,然后方法打印20.

如果您要删除()呼叫,它仍然可以工作;我们可以存储该方法并单独调用它以进行20打印:

>>> person.make_statement
Calling __getattr__: make_statement
<bound method Child.make_statement of <__main__.Child instance at 0x10db5ed88>>
>>> ms = person.make_statement
Calling __getattr__: make_statement
>>> ms()
I am an instance of Child with age 10

如果您必须查看参数,则必须返回一个包装函数:

def __getattr__(self, attr):
    print("Calling __getattr__: "+attr)
    if hasattr(self.child, attr):
        def wrapper(*args, **kw):
            print('called with %r and %r' % (args, kw))
            return getattr(self.child, attr)(*args, **kw)
        return wrapper
    raise AttributeError(attr)

这现在导致:

>>> person.make_statement(20)
Calling __getattr__: make_statement
called with (20,) and {}
I am an instance of Child with age 20
于 2012-12-08T10:15:55.487 回答