所以我有一个未排序的数字数组int[] anArray = { 1, 5, 2, 7 };
,我需要获取数组中最大值的值和索引,即 7 和 3,我该怎么做?
20 回答
这不是最迷人的方式,但很有效。
(必须有using System.Linq;
)
int maxValue = anArray.Max();
int maxIndex = anArray.ToList().IndexOf(maxValue);
int[] anArray = { 1, 5, 2, 7 };
// Finding max
int m = anArray.Max();
// Positioning max
int p = Array.IndexOf(anArray, m);
如果索引未排序,则必须至少遍历数组一次才能找到最大值。我会使用一个简单的for
循环:
int? maxVal = null; //nullable so this works even if you have all super-low negatives
int index = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < anArray.Length; i++)
{
int thisNum = anArray[i];
if (!maxVal.HasValue || thisNum > maxVal.Value)
{
maxVal = thisNum;
index = i;
}
}
这比使用 LINQ 或其他单行解决方案更冗长,但它可能会快一点。真的没有办法比 O(N) 更快。
简洁的单行:
var (number, index) = anArray.Select((n, i) => (n, i)).Max();
测试用例:
var anArray = new int[] { 1, 5, 7, 4, 2 };
var (number, index) = anArray.Select((n, i) => (n, i)).Max();
Console.WriteLine($"Maximum number = {number}, on index {index}.");
// Maximum number = 7, on index 2.
特征:
- 使用 Linq(不如 vanilla 优化,但代价是代码更少)。
- 不需要排序。
- 计算复杂度:O(n)。
- 空间复杂度:O(n)。
评论:
- 确保数字(而不是索引)是元组中的第一个元素,因为元组排序是通过从左到右比较元组项来完成的。
强制性 LINQ one [1] -liner:
var max = anArray.Select((value, index) => new {value, index})
.OrderByDescending(vi => vi.value)
.First();
(排序可能是对其他解决方案的性能打击。)
[1]:对于给定的“一”值。
这里有两种方法。当数组为空时,您可能需要添加处理。
public static void FindMax()
{
// Advantages:
// * Functional approach
// * Compact code
// Cons:
// * We are indexing into the array twice at each step
// * The Range and IEnumerable add a bit of overhead
// * Many people will find this code harder to understand
int[] array = { 1, 5, 2, 7 };
int maxIndex = Enumerable.Range(0, array.Length).Aggregate((max, i) => array[max] > array[i] ? max : i);
int maxInt = array[maxIndex];
Console.WriteLine($"Maximum int {maxInt} is found at index {maxIndex}");
}
public static void FindMax2()
{
// Advantages:
// * Near-optimal performance
int[] array = { 1, 5, 2, 7 };
int maxIndex = -1;
int maxInt = Int32.MinValue;
// Modern C# compilers optimize the case where we put array.Length in the condition
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
{
int value = array[i];
if (value > maxInt)
{
maxInt = value;
maxIndex = i;
}
}
Console.WriteLine($"Maximum int {maxInt} is found at index {maxIndex}");
}
int[] numbers = new int[7]{45,67,23,45,19,85,64};
int smallest = numbers[0];
for (int index = 0; index < numbers.Length; index++)
{
if (numbers[index] < smallest) smallest = numbers[index];
}
Console.WriteLine(smallest);
public static class ArrayExtensions
{
public static int MaxIndexOf<T>(this T[] input)
{
var max = input.Max();
int index = Array.IndexOf(input, max);
return index;
}
}
这适用于所有变量类型...
var array = new int[]{1, 2, 4, 10, 0, 2};
var index = array.MaxIndexOf();
var array = new double[]{1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 10.0, 0.0, 2.0};
var index = array.MaxIndexOf();
anArray.Select((n, i) => new { Value = n, Index = i })
.Where(s => s.Value == anArray.Max());
波纹管代码的输出:
00:00:00.3279270 - max1 00:00:00.2615935 - max2 00:00:00.6010360 - max3 (arr.Max())
数组中有 100000000 个整数,差异不是很大,但仍然......
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int[] arr = new int[100000000];
Random randNum = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
{
arr[i] = randNum.Next(-100000000, 100000000);
}
Stopwatch stopwatch1 = new Stopwatch();
Stopwatch stopwatch2 = new Stopwatch();
Stopwatch stopwatch3 = new Stopwatch();
stopwatch1.Start();
var max = GetMaxFullIterate(arr);
Debug.WriteLine( stopwatch1.Elapsed.ToString());
stopwatch2.Start();
var max2 = GetMaxPartialIterate(arr);
Debug.WriteLine( stopwatch2.Elapsed.ToString());
stopwatch3.Start();
var max3 = arr.Max();
Debug.WriteLine(stopwatch3.Elapsed.ToString());
}
private static int GetMaxPartialIterate(int[] arr)
{
var max = arr[0];
var idx = 0;
for (int i = arr.Length / 2; i < arr.Length; i++)
{
if (arr[i] > max)
{
max = arr[i];
}
if (arr[idx] > max)
{
max = arr[idx];
}
idx++;
}
return max;
}
private static int GetMaxFullIterate(int[] arr)
{
var max = arr[0];
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
{
if (arr[i] > max)
{
max = arr[i];
}
}
return max;
}
public static void Main()
{
int a,b=0;
int []arr={1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5, 7, 7, 7, 100, 8, 1};
for(int i=arr.Length-1 ; i>-1 ; i--)
{
a = arr[i];
if(a > b)
{
b=a;
}
}
Console.WriteLine(b);
}
int[] Data= { 1, 212, 333,2,12,3311,122,23 };
int large = Data.Max();
Console.WriteLine(large);
考虑以下:
/// <summary>
/// Returns max value
/// </summary>
/// <param name="arr">array to search in</param>
/// <param name="index">index of the max value</param>
/// <returns>max value</returns>
public static int MaxAt(int[] arr, out int index)
{
index = -1;
int max = Int32.MinValue;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
{
if (arr[i] > max)
{
max = arr[i];
index = i;
}
}
return max;
}
用法:
int m, at;
m = MaxAt(new int[]{1,2,7,3,4,5,6}, out at);
Console.WriteLine("Max: {0}, found at: {1}", m, at);
这是一个 O(n) 的 LINQ 解决方案,具有不错的常数因子:
int[] anArray = { 1, 5, 2, 7, 1 };
int index = 0;
int maxIndex = 0;
var max = anArray.Aggregate(
(oldMax, element) => {
++index;
if (element <= oldMax)
return oldMax;
maxIndex = index;
return element;
}
);
Console.WriteLine("max = {0}, maxIndex = {1}", max, maxIndex);
for
但是如果你关心性能,你真的应该写一个明确的lop。
只是另一个使用DataTable
. DataTable
用 2 列声明 aindex
和val
。在列中添加一个AutoIncrement
选项以及两者AutoIncrementSeed
和AutoIncrementStep
值。然后使用循环并将每个数组项作为一行插入。然后通过使用方法,选择具有最大值的行。1
index
foreach
datatable
Select
代码
int[] anArray = { 1, 5, 2, 7 };
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[2] { new DataColumn("index"), new DataColumn("val")});
dt.Columns["index"].AutoIncrement = true;
dt.Columns["index"].AutoIncrementSeed = 1;
dt.Columns["index"].AutoIncrementStep = 1;
foreach(int i in anArray)
dt.Rows.Add(null, i);
DataRow[] dr = dt.Select("[val] = MAX([val])");
Console.WriteLine("Max Value = {0}, Index = {1}", dr[0][1], dr[0][0]);
输出
Max Value = 7, Index = 4
如果您知道访问最大值的最大索引是立即的。所以你只需要最大索引。
int max=0;
for(int i = 1; i < arr.Length; i++)
if (arr[i] > arr[max]) max = i;
这是一个 C# 版本。它基于对数组进行排序的思想。
public int solution(int[] A)
{
// write your code in C# 6.0 with .NET 4.5 (Mono)
Array.Sort(A);
var max = A.Max();
if(max < 0)
return 1;
else
for (int i = 1; i < max; i++)
{
if(!A.Contains(i)) {
return i;
}
}
return max + 1;
}
for
如果我们要打高尔夫球,这可以通过无身体循环来完成;)
//a is the array
int mi = a.Length - 1;
for (int i=-1; ++i<a.Length-1; mi=a[mi]<a[i]?i:mi) ;
++i<a.Length-1
省略检查最后一个索引的检查。如果我们将其设置为好像最大索引是开始的最后一个索引,我们不介意这一点。当循环针对其他元素运行时,它将完成并且其中一件事或另一件事是正确的:
- 我们找到了一个新的最大值,因此找到了一个新的最大值索引
mi
- 最后一个索引一直是最大值,所以我们没有找到新
mi
的,我们坚持最初的mi
真正的工作是由后循环修饰符完成的:
- 到目前为止我们找到的最大值(
a[mi]
即由 索引的数组mi
)是否小于当前项?mi
是的,然后通过记住存储一个新的i
,- 否 然后存储现有的
mi
(无操作)
在操作结束时,您将获得要找到最大值的索引。从逻辑上讲,最大值是a[mi]
如果你有一个数组,并且你知道最大值的索引,最大值的实际值,我也不太明白“查找最大值和最大值的索引”是如何真正需要跟踪最大值的是使用索引来索引数组的一个小例子。
这个长长的列表中的另一个答案,但我认为这是值得的,因为它提供了大多数(或全部?)其他答案没有的一些好处:
- 下面的方法仅在集合中循环一次,因此顺序为O(N)。
- 该方法查找最大值的所有索引。
- 该方法可用于查找任何比较的索引:
min
、max
、equals
、not equals
等。 - 该方法可以通过 LINQ 选择器查看对象。
方法:
///-------------------------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// Get the indices of all values that meet the condition that is defined by the comparer.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TSource">The type of the values in the source collection.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TCompare">The type of the values that are compared.</typeparam>
/// <param name="i_collection">The collection of values that is analysed.</param>
/// <param name="i_selector">The selector to retrieve the compare-values from the source-values.</param>
/// <param name="i_comparer">The comparer that is used to compare the values of the collection.</param>
/// <returns>The indices of all values that meet the condition that is defined by the comparer.</returns>
/// Create <see cref="IComparer{T}"/> from comparison function:
/// Comparer{T}.Create ( comparison )
/// Comparison examples:
/// - max: (a, b) => a.CompareTo (b)
/// - min: (a, b) => -(a.CompareTo (b))
/// - == x: (a, b) => a == 4 ? 0 : -1
/// - != x: (a, b) => a != 4 ? 0 : -1
///-------------------------------------------------------------------
public static IEnumerable<int> GetIndices<TSource, TCompare> (this IEnumerable<TSource> i_collection,
Func<TSource, TCompare> i_selector,
IComparer<TCompare> i_comparer)
{
if (i_collection == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException (nameof (i_collection));
if (!i_collection.Any ())
return new int[0];
int index = 0;
var indices = new List<int> ();
TCompare reference = i_selector (i_collection.First ());
foreach (var value in i_collection)
{
var compare = i_selector (value);
int result = i_comparer.Compare (compare, reference);
if (result > 0)
{
reference = compare;
indices.Clear ();
indices.Add (index);
}
else if (result == 0)
indices.Add (index);
index++;
}
return indices;
}
如果您不需要选择器,则将方法更改为
public static IEnumerable<int> GetIndices<TCompare> (this IEnumerable<TCompare> i_collection,
IComparer<TCompare> i_comparer)
并删除所有出现的i_selector
.
概念证明:
//########## test #1: int array ##########
int[] test = { 1, 5, 4, 9, 2, 7, 4, 6, 5, 9, 4 };
// get indices of maximum:
var indices = test.GetIndices (t => t, Comparer<int>.Create ((a, b) => a.CompareTo (b)));
// indices: { 3, 9 }
// get indices of all '4':
indices = test.GetIndices (t => t, Comparer<int>.Create ((a, b) => a == 4 ? 0 : -1));
// indices: { 2, 6, 10 }
// get indices of all except '4':
indices = test.GetIndices (t => t, Comparer<int>.Create ((a, b) => a != 4 ? 0 : -1));
// indices: { 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 }
// get indices of all '15':
indices = test.GetIndices (t => t, Comparer<int>.Create ((a, b) => a == 15 ? 0 : -1));
// indices: { }
//########## test #2: named tuple array ##########
var datas = new (object anything, double score)[]
{
(999, 0.1),
(new object (), 0.42),
("hello", 0.3),
(new Exception (), 0.16),
("abcde", 0.42)
};
// get indices of highest score:
indices = datas.GetIndices (data => data.score, Comparer<double>.Create ((a, b) => a.CompareTo (b)));
// indices: { 1, 4 }
享受!:-)
找出数组中最大和最小的数:
int[] arr = new int[] {35,28,20,89,63,45,12};
int big = 0;
int little = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(arr[i]);
if (arr[i] > arr[0])
{
big = arr[i];
}
else
{
little = arr[i];
}
}
Console.WriteLine("most big number inside of array is " + big);
Console.WriteLine("most little number inside of array is " + little);