This is because of the way GLSurfaceView works - the View part of GLSurfaceView is just a transparent container, and the rendering is done on Surface that sits below the Layout (and below the Layout for the Activity that has triggered the DialogFragment). Now when the DialogFragment is created, there is a "dimming layer" inserted between the DialogFragment and the parent Activity, to bring focus to the DialogFragment. This dimming layer ends up sitting between the transparent-View-part of GLSurfaceView, but above the rendering Surface, which explains why the entire screen appears to dim.
You can fix this by calling setZOrderOnTop(true) when you create your GLSurfaceView - this will force the rendering Surface to sit above all other views in the DialogFragment Layout, so above the dimming layer.