14

我有一个 Django 应用程序,它从 Twitter 的 API 获取推文数据并将其保存在 MySQL 数据库中。据我所知(我仍然对字符编码的细节有所了解)我在所有地方都使用 UTF-8,包括 MySQL 编码和整理,除非推文包含表情符号字符,否则它工作正常,我理解使用四字节编码。尝试保存它们会从 Django 产生以下警告:

/home/biggleszx/.virtualenvs/myvirtualenv/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py:86:警告:不正确的字符串值:'\xF0\x9F\x98\xAD I ...' 对于第 1 行的列 'text' 返回 self.cursor.execute(query, args)

我正在使用 MySQL 5.1,因此除非我升级到 5.5,否则我不希望使用utf8mb4(也从我读过的内容来看,Django 对此的支持还没有完全准备好生产,尽管这可能不再准确)。我还看到有人建议在受影响的列上使用 BLOB 而不是 TEXT,我也不想这样做,因为我认为这会损害性能。

那么,我的问题是,假设我不太担心 100% 保留推文内容,有没有办法可以过滤掉所有表情符号字符并用非多字节字符替换它们,例如 venerable WHITE MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE (U+25FD)?我认为这是根据我当前的设置保存数据的最简单方法,但如果我缺少另一个明显的解决方案,我很想听听!

仅供参考,我在 Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS 上使用现有的 Python 2.6.5。sys.maxunicode是 1114111,所以它是 UCS-4 版本。

谢谢阅读。

4

4 回答 4

24

所以事实证明这已经被回答了几次,我只是没有完全找到正确的 Google-fu 来找到现有的问题。

感谢Martijn Pieters,解决方案来自正则表达式的世界,特别是这段代码(基于他对上面第一个链接的回答):

import re
try:
    # UCS-4
    highpoints = re.compile(u'[\U00010000-\U0010ffff]')
except re.error:
    # UCS-2
    highpoints = re.compile(u'[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]')
# mytext = u'<some string containing 4-byte chars>'
mytext = highpoints.sub(u'\u25FD', mytext)

我要替换的角色是WHITE MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE (U+25FD),仅供参考,但可以是任何东西。

对于像我这样不熟悉 UCS 的人来说,这是一个用于 Unicode 转换的系统,给定的 Python 版本将包括对 UCS-2 或 UCS-4 变体的支持,每个变体都有不同的字符支持上限。

添加此代码后,字符串似乎可以很好地保留在 MySQL 5.1 中。

希望这可以帮助其他处于相同情况的人!

于 2012-12-06T21:11:01.130 回答
17

我尝试了 BigglesZX 的解决方案,但在阅读了 [emoji's wikipedia article][1] 之后,它并没有适用于心脏的表情符号 (❤)不是表情符号的 unicode 范围。

以下代码创建了涵盖标准中 5 个表情符号块的 5 个正则表达式:

emoji_symbols_pictograms = re.compile(u'[\U0001f300-\U0001f5fF]')
emoji_emoticons = re.compile(u'[\U0001f600-\U0001f64F]')
emoji_transport_maps = re.compile(u'[\U0001f680-\U0001f6FF]')
emoji_symbols = re.compile(u'[\U00002600-\U000026FF]')
emoji_dingbats = re.compile(u'[\U00002700-\U000027BF]')

这些块可以合并为三个块(UCS-4):

emoji_block0 = re.compile(u'[\U00002600-\U000027BF]')
emoji_block1 = re.compile(u'[\U0001f300-\U0001f64F]')
emoji_block2 = re.compile(u'[\U0001f680-\U0001f6FF]')

它们在 UCS-2 中的等价物是:

emoji_block0 = re.compile(u'[\u2600-\u27BF]')
emoji_block1 = compile(u'[\uD83C][\uDF00-\uDFFF]')
emoji_block1b = compile(u'[\uD83D][\uDC00-\uDE4F]')
emoji_block2 = re.compile(u'[\uD83D][\uDE80-\uDEFF]')

所以最后我们可以定义一个包含所有情况的正则表达式:

import re
try:
    # UCS-4
    highpoints = re.compile(u'([\U00002600-\U000027BF])|([\U0001f300-\U0001f64F])|([\U0001f680-\U0001f6FF])')
except re.error:
    # UCS-2
    highpoints = re.compile(u'([\u2600-\u27BF])|([\uD83C][\uDF00-\uDFFF])|([\uD83D][\uDC00-\uDE4F])|([\uD83D][\uDE80-\uDEFF])')
# mytext = u'<some string containing 4-byte chars>'
mytext = highpoints.sub(u'\u25FD', mytext)
于 2014-11-04T16:57:32.160 回答
0

我发现了另一种能够识别表情符号的常规表达式。这个正则表达式由 instagram-engineering 博客上的团队提供

u"(?<!&)#(\w|(?:[\xA9\xAE\u203C\u2049\u2122\u2139\u2194-\u2199\u21A9\u21AA\u231A\u231B\u2328\u2388\u23CF\u23E9-\u23F3\u23F8-\u23FA\u24C2\u25AA\u25AB\u25B6\u25C0\u25FB-\u25FE\u2600-\u2604\u260E\u2611\u2614\u2615\u2618\u261D\u2620\u2622\u2623\u2626\u262A\u262E\u262F\u2638-\u263A\u2648-\u2653\u2660\u2663\u2665\u2666\u2668\u267B\u267F\u2692-\u2694\u2696\u2697\u2699\u269B\u269C\u26A0\u26A1\u26AA\u26AB\u26B0\u26B1\u26BD\u26BE\u26C4\u26C5\u26C8\u26CE\u26CF\u26D1\u26D3\u26D4\u26E9\u26EA\u26F0-\u26F5\u26F7-\u26FA\u26FD\u2702\u2705\u2708-\u270D\u270F\u2712\u2714\u2716\u271D\u2721\u2728\u2733\u2734\u2744\u2747\u274C\u274E\u2753-\u2755\u2757\u2763\u2764\u2795-\u2797\u27A1\u27B0\u27BF\u2934\u2935\u2B05-\u2B07\u2B1B\u2B1C\u2B50\u2B55\u3030\u303D\u3297\u3299]|\uD83C[\uDC04\uDCCF\uDD70\uDD71\uDD7E\uDD7F\uDD8E\uDD91-\uDD9A\uDE01\uDE02\uDE1A\uDE2F\uDE32-\uDE3A\uDE50\uDE51\uDF00-\uDF21\uDF24-\uDF93\uDF96\uDF97\uDF99-\uDF9B\uDF9E-\uDFF0\uDFF3-\uDFF5\uDFF7-\uDFFF]|\uD83D[\uDC00-\uDCFD\uDCFF-\uDD3D\uDD49-\uDD4E\uDD50-\uDD67\uDD6F\uDD70\uDD73-\uDD79\uDD87\uDD8A-\uDD8D\uDD90\uDD95\uDD96\uDDA5\uDDA8\uDDB1\uDDB2\uDDBC\uDDC2-\uDDC4\uDDD1-\uDDD3\uDDDC-\uDDDE\uDDE1\uDDE3\uDDEF\uDDF3\uDDFA-\uDE4F\uDE80-\uDEC5\uDECB-\uDED0\uDEE0-\uDEE5\uDEE9\uDEEB\uDEEC\uDEF0\uDEF3]|\uD83E[\uDD10-\uDD18\uDD80-\uDD84\uDDC0]|(?:0\u20E3|1\u20E3|2\u20E3|3\u20E3|4\u20E3|5\u20E3|6\u20E3|7\u20E3|8\u20E3|9\u20E3|#\u20E3|\\*\u20E3|\uD83C(?:\uDDE6\uD83C(?:\uDDEB|\uDDFD|\uDDF1|\uDDF8|\uDDE9|\uDDF4|\uDDEE|\uDDF6|\uDDEC|\uDDF7|\uDDF2|\uDDFC|\uDDE8|\uDDFA|\uDDF9|\uDDFF|\uDDEA)|\uDDE7\uD83C(?:\uDDF8|\uDDED|\uDDE9|\uDDE7|\uDDFE|\uDDEA|\uDDFF|\uDDEF|\uDDF2|\uDDF9|\uDDF4|\uDDE6|\uDDFC|\uDDFB|\uDDF7|\uDDF3|\uDDEC|\uDDEB|\uDDEE|\uDDF6|\uDDF1)|\uDDE8\uD83C(?:\uDDF2|\uDDE6|\uDDFB|\uDDEB|\uDDF1|\uDDF3|\uDDFD|\uDDF5|\uDDE8|\uDDF4|\uDDEC|\uDDE9|\uDDF0|\uDDF7|\uDDEE|\uDDFA|\uDDFC|\uDDFE|\uDDFF|\uDDED)|\uDDE9\uD83C(?:\uDDFF|\uDDF0|\uDDEC|\uDDEF|\uDDF2|\uDDF4|\uDDEA)|\uDDEA\uD83C(?:\uDDE6|\uDDE8|\uDDEC|\uDDF7|\uDDEA|\uDDF9|\uDDFA|\uDDF8|\uDDED)|\uDDEB\uD83C(?:\uDDF0|\uDDF4|\uDDEF|\uDDEE|\uDDF7|\uDDF2)|\uDDEC\uD83C(?:\uDDF6|\uDDEB|\uDDE6|\uDDF2|\uDDEA|\uDDED|\uDDEE|\uDDF7|\uDDF1|\uDDE9|\uDDF5|\uDDFA|\uDDF9|\uDDEC|\uDDF3|\uDDFC|\uDDFE|\uDDF8|\uDDE7)|\uDDED\uD83C(?:\uDDF7|\uDDF9|\uDDF2|\uDDF3|\uDDF0|\uDDFA)|\uDDEE\uD83C(?:\uDDF4|\uDDE8|\uDDF8|\uDDF3|\uDDE9|\uDDF7|\uDDF6|\uDDEA|\uDDF2|\uDDF1|\uDDF9)|\uDDEF\uD83C(?:\uDDF2|\uDDF5|\uDDEA|\uDDF4)|\uDDF0\uD83C(?:\uDDED|\uDDFE|\uDDF2|\uDDFF|\uDDEA|\uDDEE|\uDDFC|\uDDEC|\uDDF5|\uDDF7|\uDDF3)|\uDDF1\uD83C(?:\uDDE6|\uDDFB|\uDDE7|\uDDF8|\uDDF7|\uDDFE|\uDDEE|\uDDF9|\uDDFA|\uDDF0|\uDDE8)|\uDDF2\uD83C(?:\uDDF4|\uDDF0|\uDDEC|\uDDFC|\uDDFE|\uDDFB|\uDDF1|\uDDF9|\uDDED|\uDDF6|\uDDF7|\uDDFA|\uDDFD|\uDDE9|\uDDE8|\uDDF3|\uDDEA|\uDDF8|\uDDE6|\uDDFF|\uDDF2|\uDDF5|\uDDEB)|\uDDF3\uD83C(?:\uDDE6|\uDDF7|\uDDF5|\uDDF1|\uDDE8|\uDDFF|\uDDEE|\uDDEA|\uDDEC|\uDDFA|\uDDEB|\uDDF4)|\uDDF4\uD83C\uDDF2|\uDDF5\uD83C(?:\uDDEB|\uDDF0|\uDDFC|\uDDF8|\uDDE6|\uDDEC|\uDDFE|\uDDEA|\uDDED|\uDDF3|\uDDF1|\uDDF9|\uDDF7|\uDDF2)|\uDDF6\uD83C\uDDE6|\uDDF7\uD83C(?:\uDDEA|\uDDF4|\uDDFA|\uDDFC|\uDDF8)|\uDDF8\uD83C(?:\uDDFB|\uDDF2|\uDDF9|\uDDE6|\uDDF3|\uDDE8|\uDDF1|\uDDEC|\uDDFD|\uDDF0|\uDDEE|\uDDE7|\uDDF4|\uDDF8|\uDDED|\uDDE9|\uDDF7|\uDDEF|\uDDFF|\uDDEA|\uDDFE)|\uDDF9\uD83C(?:\uDDE9|\uDDEB|\uDDFC|\uDDEF|\uDDFF|\uDDED|\uDDF1|\uDDEC|\uDDF0|\uDDF4|\uDDF9|\uDDE6|\uDDF3|\uDDF7|\uDDF2|\uDDE8|\uDDFB)|\uDDFA\uD83C(?:\uDDEC|\uDDE6|\uDDF8|\uDDFE|\uDDF2|\uDDFF)|\uDDFB\uD83C(?:\uDDEC|\uDDE8|\uDDEE|\uDDFA|\uDDE6|\uDDEA|\uDDF3)|\uDDFC\uD83C(?:\uDDF8|\uDDEB)|\uDDFD\uD83C\uDDF0|\uDDFE\uD83C(?:\uDDF9|\uDDEA)|\uDDFF\uD83C(?:\uDDE6|\uDDF2|\uDDFC))))[\ufe00-\ufe0f\u200d]?)+

来源:http: //instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/118304328152/emojineering-part-2-implementing-hashtag-emoji

注意:我添加了另一个答案,因为这个答案与我之前的答案不互补。

于 2015-05-29T08:47:36.467 回答
0

我正在使用对输入进行编码的 json 编码器函数。

此函数用于 json.dumps 上的 dict 编码(将其转换为字符串)。(所以我们需要对响应进行一些编辑 - 删除'“')

这使我能够将表情符号保存到 mysql,并展示它(在网络上):

# encode input 
from json.encoder import py_encode_basestring_ascii
name = py_encode_basestring_ascii(name)[1:-1]

# save
YourModel.name = name
name.save()
于 2016-04-19T08:57:50.760 回答