linux - 从文件中取出某些数据

Question

如何从文件中取出某些信息。

例如：

从文件 .txt 有很多数据

1)a=123    
2)b=234     
3)c=345  
4)e=456  

我想取出信息' a '；
我需要指定列、行还是单词？

我不知道我应该怎么做或应该使用什么命令。
我可以使用批处理文件中的命令来执行此操作，还是应该使用其他程序软件？

希望能帮到我。。

Answer 1

The easy way:

@Echo OFF
Type "Text.txt" | Find "a="

The mid way:

@Echo OFF
For /F "Tokens=1,* Delims==" %%a in ('Type "Text.txt" ^| Find "a="') Do (Echo %%a, %%b)

The usefull way:

@Echo OFF

:: TEXT MANIPULATOR ROUTINE v0.1
:: by Elektro H@cker

REM USE:
::TEXTMAN [ACTION] [IN LINE (Optional)] [FILE] [TEXT (Optional)]


REM ACTIONS:
REM 
REM  AL  = ADD_LEFT           * Add text to the beginning of a line
REM  AR  = ADD_RIGHT          * Add text to the end of a line
REM  E   = ERASE              * Delete a line
REM  I   = INSERT             * Add a empty line (Or a line with text)
REM  RL  = REPLACE_LINE       * Replace a line
REM  RS  = REPLACE_STRING     * Replace words of a line
REM  RSA = REPLACE_STRING_ALL * Replace words of all line
REM  C+  = CHARACTER_PLUS     * Delete the first "X" characters in all lines
REM  C-  = CHARACTER_LESS     * Delete the last  "X" characters in all lines
REM  L+  = LINE_PLUS          * Cut the first "X" lines
REM  L-  = LINE_LESS          * Cut the last  "X" lines


REM EXAMPLES:

:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::
::
:: Deletes the line 3
:: Call :TEXTMAN E 3 "Test.txt"
::
:: Add a phrase to the beginning of line 3
:: Call :TEXTMAN AL 3 "Test.txt" "Elektro H@cker"
::
:: Add a phrase to the end of line 3
:: Call :TEXTMAN AR 3 "Test.txt" "Elektro H@cker"
::
:: Add a empty line at line 3
:: Call :TEXTMAN I 3 "Test.txt"
:: 
:: Add a line with a word at line 3
:: Call :TEXTMAN I 3 "Test.txt" "Elektro H@cker"
::
:: Replaces the line 3 with "Elektro H@cker"
:: Call :TEXTMAN RL 3 "Test.txt" "Elektro H@cker"
::
:: Replaces the words "Elektro" to "H@cker" in line 3
:: Call :TEXTMAN RS 3 "Test.txt" "Elektro" "H@cker"
::
:: Replaces the words "Elektro" to "H@cker" in all lines
:: Call :TEXTMAN RSA "Test.txt" "Elektro" "H@cker"
::
:: Deletes the first 3 characters in all lines
:: Call :TEXTMAN C+ 3 "Test.txt"
::
:: Deletes the last 3 characters in all lines
:: Call :TEXTMAN C- 3 "Test.txt"
::
:: Deletes the first 3 lines
:: Call :TEXTMAN L+ 3 "Test.txt"
::
:: Deletes the last 3 lines
:: Call :TEXTMAN L- 3 "Test.txt"
::
:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::

:TEXTMAN
(SET /A "A=0", "LINE=0", "TOTAL_LINES=0")  &  (CALL :%~1 %* || (ECHO Parametro incorrecto & Exit /B 1)) & (GOTO:EOF)
:AL
(For /F "usebackq tokens=*" %%@ in ("%~3") DO (Call Set /A "LINE+=1" && (CMD /C "IF NOT "%%LINE%%" EQU "%~2" (Echo %%@ >> "%~nx3.NEW") ELSE (Echo %~4%%@ >> "%~nx3.NEW")"))) && (CALL :RENAMER "%~3") & (GOTO:EOF)
:AR
(For /F "usebackq tokens=*" %%@ in ("%~3") DO (Call Set /A "LINE+=1" && (CMD /C "IF NOT "%%LINE%%" EQU "%~2" (Echo %%@ >> "%~nx3.NEW") ELSE (Echo %%@%~4 >> "%~nx3.NEW")"))) && (CALL :RENAMER "%~3") & (GOTO:EOF)
:E
(For /F "usebackq tokens=*" %%@ in ("%~3") DO (Call Set /A "LINE+=1" && (CMD /C "IF NOT "%%LINE%%" EQU "%~2" (Echo %%@ >> "%~nx3.NEW")"))) && (CALL :RENAMER "%~3") & (GOTO:EOF)
:I
(For /F "usebackq tokens=*" %%@ in ("%~3") DO (Call Set /A "LINE+=1" && (CMD /C "IF     "%%LINE%%" EQU "%~2" (IF NOT "%~4" EQU "" (Echo %~4 >> "%~nx3.NEW") ELSE (Echo. >> "%~nx3.NEW"))" & Echo %%@ >> "%~nx3.NEW"))) && (CALL :RENAMER "%~3") & (GOTO:EOF)
:RL
(For /F "usebackq tokens=*" %%@ in ("%~3") DO (Call Set /A "LINE+=1" && (CMD /C "IF NOT "%%LINE%%" EQU "%~2" (Echo %%@ >> "%~nx3.NEW") ELSE (Echo %~4 >> "%~nx3.NEW")"))) && (CALL :RENAMER "%~3") & (GOTO:EOF)
:RS
(For /F "usebackq tokens=*" %%@ in ("%~3") DO (Call Set /A "LINE+=1" && (CMD /C "IF NOT "%%LINE%%" EQU "%~2" (Echo %%@ >> "%~nx3.NEW") ELSE (CALL SET "STRING=%%@" && CALL ECHO %%STRING:%~4=%~5%% >> "%~nx3.NEW")"))) && (CALL :RENAMER "%~3") & (GOTO:EOF)
:RSA
(For /F "usebackq tokens=*" %%@ in ("%~2") DO (CALL SET "STRING=%%@" && (CALL ECHO %%STRING:%~3=%~4%% >> "%~2.NEW"))) && (CALL :RENAMER "%~2") & (GOTO:EOF)
:C+
(For /F "usebackq tokens=*" %%@ in ("%~3") DO (Call Set   "LINE=%%@" && (CALL ECHO %%LINE:~%~2%% >>    "%~nx3.NEW"))) && (CALL :RENAMER "%~3") & (GOTO:EOF)
:C-
(For /F "usebackq tokens=*" %%@ in ("%~3") DO (Call Set   "LINE=%%@" && (CALL ECHO %%LINE:~0,-%~2%% >> "%~nx3.NEW"))) && (CALL :RENAMER "%~3") & (GOTO:EOF)
:L+
(Call SET /A "A=%~2-1") && (Call TYPE "%~3" | @MORE +%%A%% > "%~nx3.NEW") && (CALL :RENAMER "%~3") & (GOTO:EOF)
:L-
(FOR /F %%X IN ('TYPE "%~3"') DO (CALL SET /A "TOTAL_LINES+=1")) & (CALL SET /A "TOTAL_LINES-=%~2-1") & (For /F "usebackq tokens=*" %%@ in ("%~3") DO (Call Set /A "LINE+=1" & Call echo " %%LINE%%!!| FINDSTR " %%TOTAL_LINES%% " && CALL :RENAMER "%~3" && GOTO:EOF || (Echo %%@ >> "%~nx3.NEW")))
:RENAMER
(REN "%~1" "%~nx1.BAK") & (MOVE /Y "%~nx1.BAK" "%TEMP%\" >NUL) & (REN "%~nx1.NEW" "%~nx1") & (GOTO:EOF)

Answer 2

所以你想把等号（=）当作列分隔符？如果是这样，并且你有 awk，你可以这样做：

cat file.txt 
a=123    
b=234     
c=345  
e=456

awk -F = '{print $2}' file.txt 
123    
234     
345  
456  

如果您希望以编程方式执行此操作，您可以使用库来拆分等号上的文本。大多数编程语言都有库来执行此操作。