django - 如何在 Django 中创建一个持续时间字段？

Question

我使用在管理站点注册的 Django 模型。我的模型的一个字段代表一个持续时间。我想使用 DateTimeField，但不是将值保存到数据库中的日期时间，而是将其保存为 varchar，根据 RFC5545 (ical) 格式化（例如，持续时间为 1 天 1 小时 1 分钟 1 sec 将存储为“P1DT1H1M1S”）。我该怎么做？我应该覆盖 DateTimeField 吗？

Answer 1

您可以为其创建自定义 Django 字段，而不是覆盖 DateTimeField。

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/custom-model-fields/

Answer 2

是的，只是 subclassmodel.Field.并定义了两个方法：

Field.to_python(self, value) - 将 db 值转换为 python 对象。

Field.get_prep_value(self, value) - 这与to_python将对象转换为数据库值相反。

Answer 3

感谢 bakkal 和 Pol。下面是我想出的。

from django.db import models
from icalendar.prop import vDuration
from django.forms.widgets import MultiWidget
from django.forms import TextInput, IntegerField
from django.forms.util import flatatt
from django.forms.fields import MultiValueField
from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
from django.utils.text import capfirst
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.core import validators
from datetime import timedelta

def is_int(s):
    try: 
        int(s)
        return True
    except ValueError:
        return False

class Widget_LabelInputField(TextInput):
    """
    Input widget with label
    """
    input_type="numbers"
    def __init__(self, labelCaption, attrs=None):
        self.labelCaption = labelCaption
    super(Widget_LabelInputField, self).__init__(attrs)

    def _format_value(self, value):
        if is_int(value):
            return value
        return '0'

    def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        if value is None:
            value = '0'
        final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, type=self.input_type, name=name)
        if value != '':
            # Only add the 'value' attribute if a value is non-empty.
            final_attrs['value'] = force_unicode(self._format_value(value))
        if (self.labelCaption):
        typeString = self.labelCaption + ': '
        else:
            typeString = ''           
        return mark_safe(u'' + typeString + '<input%s style=\'width: 30px; margin-right: 20px\'/>' % flatatt(final_attrs))



class Widget_DurationField(MultiWidget):
    """
    A Widget that splits duration input into two <input type="text"> boxes.
    """

    def __init__(self, attrs=None):
        widgets = (Widget_LabelInputField(labelCaption='days', attrs=attrs),
                   Widget_LabelInputField(labelCaption='hours', attrs=attrs),
                   Widget_LabelInputField(labelCaption='minutes', attrs=attrs),
                   Widget_LabelInputField(labelCaption='seconds', attrs=attrs)
                   )
        super(Widget_DurationField, self).__init__(widgets, attrs)

    def decompress(self, value):
        if value:
            duration = vDuration.from_ical(value)
            return [str(duration.days), str(duration.seconds // 3600), str(duration.seconds % 3600 // 60), str(duration.seconds % 60)]
        return [None, None, None, None]



class Forms_DurationField(MultiValueField):
    widget = Widget_DurationField
    default_error_messages = {
        'invalid_day': _(u'Enter a valid day.'),
        'invalid_hour': _(u'Enter a valid hour.'),
        'invalid_minute': _(u'Enter a valid minute.'),
        'invalid_second': _(u'Enter a valid second.')
    }

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        errors = self.default_error_messages.copy()
        if 'error_messages' in kwargs:
            errors.update(kwargs['error_messages'])
        fields = (
            IntegerField(min_value=-9999, max_value=9999,
                      error_messages={'invalid': errors['invalid_day']},),
            IntegerField(min_value=-9999, max_value=9999,
                      error_messages={'invalid': errors['invalid_hour']},),
            IntegerField(min_value=-9999, max_value=9999,
                      error_messages={'invalid': errors['invalid_minute']},),
            IntegerField(min_value=-9999, max_value=9999,
                      error_messages={'invalid': errors['invalid_second']},),
        )
        super(Forms_DurationField, self).__init__(fields, *args, **kwargs)

    def compress(self, data_list):
        if data_list:
            if data_list[0] in validators.EMPTY_VALUES:
                raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_day'])
            if data_list[1] in validators.EMPTY_VALUES:
                raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_hour'])
            if data_list[2] in validators.EMPTY_VALUES:
                raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_minute'])
            if data_list[3] in validators.EMPTY_VALUES:
                raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_second'])

            return vDuration(timedelta(days=data_list[0],hours=data_list[1],minutes=data_list[2],seconds=data_list[3]))
        return None




class Model_DurationField(models.Field):
    description = "Duration"

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(Model_DurationField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def db_type(self, connection):
        return 'varchar(255)'

    def get_internal_type(self):
        return "Model_DurationField"

    def to_python(self, value):
        if isinstance(value, vDuration) or value is None:
            return value

        return vDuration.from_ical(value) 

    def get_prep_value(self, value):
        return value.to_ical() 

    def formfield(self, **kwargs):
        defaults = {
            'form_class': Forms_DurationField,
            'required': not self.blank,
            'label': capfirst(self.verbose_name),
            'help_text': self.help_text}
        defaults.update(kwargs)
        return super(Model_DurationField, self).formfield(**defaults)