python - 使用 python 请求传递 csrftoken

Question

如何通过 python 模块请求传递 csrftoken？这就是我所拥有的，但它不起作用，我不确定将它传递给哪个参数（数据、标题、身份验证......）

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

URL = 'https://portal.bitcasa.com/login'

client = requests.session(config={'verbose': sys.stderr})

# Retrieve the CSRF token first
soup = BeautifulSoup(client.get('https://portal.bitcasa.com/login').content)
csrftoken = soup.find('input', dict(name='csrfmiddlewaretoken'))['value']

login_data = dict(username=EMAIL, password=PASSWORD, csrfmiddlewaretoken=csrftoken)
r = client.post(URL, data=login_data, headers={"Referer": "foo"})

每次都出现同样的错误信息。

<h1>Forbidden <span>(403)</span></h1>
<p>CSRF verification failed. Request aborted.</p>

Answer 1

If you are going to set the referrer header, then for that specific site you need to set the referrer to the same URL as the login page:

import sys
import requests

URL = 'https://portal.bitcasa.com/login'

client = requests.session()

# Retrieve the CSRF token first
client.get(URL)  # sets cookie
if 'csrftoken' in client.cookies:
    # Django 1.6 and up
    csrftoken = client.cookies['csrftoken']
else:
    # older versions
    csrftoken = client.cookies['csrf']

login_data = dict(username=EMAIL, password=PASSWORD, csrfmiddlewaretoken=csrftoken, next='/')
r = client.post(URL, data=login_data, headers=dict(Referer=URL))

When using unsecured http, the Referer header is often filtered out and otherwise easily spoofable anyway, so most sites no longer require the header to be set. However, when using an SSL connection and if it is set, it does make sense for the site to validate that it at least references something that could logically have initiated the request. Django does this when the connection is encrypted (uses https://), and actively requires it then.

Answer 2

同样，使用django的 csrf_client注意主要区别是在 login_data中使用 csrftoken.value。用 Django 1.10.5 测试——

import sys

import django
from django.middleware.csrf import CsrfViewMiddleware, get_token
from django.test import Client

django.setup()
csrf_client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True)

URL = 'http://127.0.0.1/auth/login'
EMAIL= 'test-user@test.com'
PASSWORD= 'XXXX'

# Retrieve the CSRF token first
csrf_client.get(URL)  # sets cookie
csrftoken = csrf_client.cookies['csrftoken']

login_data = dict(username=EMAIL, password=PASSWORD, csrfmiddlewaretoken=csrftoken.value, next='/')
r = csrf_client.post(URL, data=login_data, headers=dict(Referer=URL))