您的第一个查询首先通过将所有记录插入到已排序的临时表中来对记录进行排序,然后DISTINCT
通过遍历它们并仅返回与前一个不同的记录来实现。(这可以在EXPLAIN
下面显示的输出中看到;DISTINCT
实际上已转换为 a GROUP BY
,其行为相同。)
理论上,您的第二个查询与第一个查询相同,但 SQLite 的查询优化器相当简单,无法证明这种转换是安全的(如子查询展平文档中所述)。因此,它是通过执行第一个操作来实现的DISTINCT
,即仅将任何非重复项插入到临时表中,然后ORDER BY
使用第二个临时表执行操作。这第二步完全是多余的,因为第一个临时表已经排序,但是无论如何这对您的数据来说更快,因为您有太多的重复项从未存储在任何一个临时表中。
理论上,您的第一个查询可能会更快,因为 SQLite 已经认识到DISTINCT
andORDER BY
子句可以使用相同的排序临时表实现。然而,在实践中,SQLite 不够聪明地记住这DISTINCT
意味着不需要将重复项存储在临时表中。(如果你在邮件列表中很好地询问,这个特殊的优化可能会被添加到 SQLite中。)
$ sqlite3 mydb
sqlite> .explain
sqlite> explain SELECT DISTINCT acolumn FROM atable ORDER BY acolumn;
addr opcode p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 comment
---- ------------- ---- ---- ---- ------------- -- -------------
0 Trace 0 0 0 00
1 SorterOpen 1 2 0 keyinfo(1,BINARY) 00
2 Integer 0 3 0 00 clear abort flag
3 Integer 0 2 0 00 indicate accumulator empty
4 Null 0 6 6 00
5 Gosub 5 37 0 00
6 Goto 0 40 0 00
7 OpenRead 0 2 0 1 00 atable
8 Rewind 0 14 0 00
9 Column 0 0 8 00 atable.acolumn
10 Sequence 1 9 0 00
11 MakeRecord 8 2 10 00
12 SorterInsert 1 10 0 00
13 Next 0 9 0 01
14 Close 0 0 0 00
15 OpenPseudo 2 10 2 00
16 SorterSort 1 39 0 00 GROUP BY sort
17 SorterData 1 10 0 00
18 Column 2 0 7 20
19 Compare 6 7 1 keyinfo(1,BINARY) 00
20 Jump 21 25 21 00
21 Move 7 6 0 00
22 Gosub 4 32 0 00 output one row
23 IfPos 3 39 0 00 check abort flag
24 Gosub 5 37 0 00 reset accumulator
25 Column 2 0 1 00
26 Integer 1 2 0 00 indicate data in accumulator
27 SorterNext 1 17 0 00
28 Gosub 4 32 0 00 output final row
29 Goto 0 39 0 00
30 Integer 1 3 0 00 set abort flag
31 Return 4 0 0 00
32 IfPos 2 34 0 00 Groupby result generator entry point
33 Return 4 0 0 00
34 Copy 1 11 0 00
35 ResultRow 11 1 0 00
36 Return 4 0 0 00 end groupby result generator
37 Null 0 1 0 00
38 Return 5 0 0 00
39 Halt 0 0 0 00
40 Transaction 0 0 0 00
41 VerifyCookie 0 2 0 00
42 TableLock 0 2 0 atable 00
43 Goto 0 7 0 00
sqlite> explain SELECT acolumn FROM (SELECT DISTINCT acolumn FROM atable) ORDER BY acolumn;
addr opcode p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 comment
---- ------------- ---- ---- ---- ------------- -- -------------
0 Trace 0 0 0 00
1 Goto 0 39 0 00
2 Goto 0 17 0 00
3 OpenPseudo 0 3 1 01 coroutine for sqlite_subquery_DA7480_
4 Integer 0 2 0 01
5 OpenEphemeral 2 0 0 keyinfo(1,BINARY) 08
6 OpenRead 1 2 0 1 00 atable
7 Rewind 1 14 0 00
8 Column 1 0 3 00 atable.acolumn
9 Found 2 13 3 1 00
10 MakeRecord 3 1 4 00
11 IdxInsert 2 4 0 00
12 Yield 1 0 0 00
13 Next 1 8 0 01
14 Close 1 0 0 00
15 Integer 1 2 0 00
16 Yield 1 0 0 00 end sqlite_subquery_DA7480_
17 SorterOpen 3 3 0 keyinfo(1,BINARY) 00
18 Integer 2 1 0 00
19 Yield 1 0 0 00 next row of co-routine sqlite_subquery_DA7480_
20 If 2 29 0 00
21 Column 0 0 5 00 sqlite_subquery_DA7480_.acolumn
22 MakeRecord 5 1 6 00
23 Column 0 0 7 00 sqlite_subquery_DA7480_.acolumn
24 Sequence 3 8 0 00
25 Move 6 9 0 00
26 MakeRecord 7 3 10 00
27 SorterInsert 3 10 0 00
28 Goto 0 19 0 00
29 OpenPseudo 4 6 1 00
30 OpenPseudo 5 11 3 00
31 SorterSort 3 37 0 00
32 SorterData 3 11 0 00
33 Column 5 2 6 20
34 Column 4 0 5 20
35 ResultRow 5 1 0 00
36 SorterNext 3 32 0 00
37 Close 4 0 0 00
38 Halt 0 0 0 00
39 Transaction 0 0 0 00
40 VerifyCookie 0 2 0 00
41 TableLock 0 2 0 atable 00
42 Goto 0 2 0 00