6

我需要从文本文件的行中提取数据。数据是名称和评分信息，格式如下：

Shyvana - 12/4/5 - Loss - 2012-11-22
Fizz - 12/4/5 - Win - 2012-11-22
Miss Fortune - 12/4/3 - Win - 2012-11-22

这个文件是由我的小python程序的另一部分生成的或丢失。然后我要求确认并将该数据写入新行的文件中，然后像这样在末尾附加日期。准备该数据的代码：

data = "%s - %s/%s/%s - %s - %s\n" % (
        champname, kills, deaths, assists, winloss, timestamp)

基本上，我想在程序的另一部分读回该数据并将其显示给用户并使用它进行计算，例如特定名称随时间的平均值。

我是 python 新手，而且我对一般编程不是很有经验，所以我发现的大多数字符串拆分和格式化示例对我来说太神秘了，无法理解如何适应我在这里需要的东西，谁能帮忙? 我可以以不同的方式格式化写入的数据，因此令牌查找会更简单，但我希望它直接在文件中简单。

4

5 回答 5

10

下面会将所有内容读入以玩家名称为键的字典中。与每个玩家关联的值本身就是一个字典，充当记录，其中包含与项目关联的命名字段，这些字段被转换为适合进一步处理的格式。

info = {}
with open('scoring_info.txt') as input_file:
    for line in input_file:
        player, stats, outcome, date = (
            item.strip() for item in line.split('-', 3))
        stats = dict(zip(('kills', 'deaths', 'assists'),
                          map(int, stats.split('/'))))
        date = tuple(map(int, date.split('-')))
        info[player] = dict(zip(('stats', 'outcome', 'date'),
                                (stats, outcome, date)))

print('info:')
for player, record in info.items():
    print('  player %r:' % player)
    for field, value in record.items():
        print('    %s: %s' % (field, value))

# sample usage
player = 'Fizz'
print('\n%s had %s kills in the game' % (player, info[player]['stats']['kills']))

输出：

info:
  player 'Shyvana':
    date: (2012, 11, 22)
    outcome: Loss
    stats: {'assists': 5, 'kills': 12, 'deaths': 4}
  player 'Miss Fortune':
    date: (2012, 11, 22)
    outcome: Win
    stats: {'assists': 3, 'kills': 12, 'deaths': 4}
  player 'Fizz':
    date: (2012, 11, 22)
    outcome: Win
    stats: {'assists': 5, 'kills': 12, 'deaths': 4}

Fizz had 12 kills in the game

或者，不要将大部分数据保存在字典中，这会使嵌套字段访问有点尴尬——info[player]['stats']['kills']你可以改用更高级的“通用”类来保存它们，这样你就可以编写info2[player].stats.kills了。

为了说明，这里使用我命名的类几乎是一样的，Struct因为它有点像 C 语言的struct数据类型：

class Struct(object):
    """ Generic container object """
    def __init__(self, **kwds): # keyword args define attribute names and values
        self.__dict__.update(**kwds)

info2 = {}
with open('scoring_info.txt') as input_file:
    for line in input_file:
        player, stats, outcome, date = (
            item.strip() for item in line.split('-', 3))
        stats = dict(zip(('kills', 'deaths', 'assists'),
                          map(int, stats.split('/'))))
        victory = (outcome.lower() == 'win') # change to boolean T/F
        date = dict(zip(('year','month','day'), map(int, date.split('-'))))
        info2[player] = Struct(champ_name=player, stats=Struct(**stats),
                               victory=victory, date=Struct(**date))
print('info2:')
for rec in info2.values():
    print('  player %r:' % rec.champ_name)
    print('    stats: kills=%s, deaths=%s, assists=%s' % (
          rec.stats.kills, rec.stats.deaths, rec.stats.assists))
    print('    victorious: %s' % rec.victory)
    print('    date: %d-%02d-%02d' % (rec.date.year, rec.date.month, rec.date.day))

# sample usage
player = 'Fizz'
print('\n%s had %s kills in the game' % (player, info2[player].stats.kills))

输出：

info2:
  player 'Shyvana':
    stats: kills=12, deaths=4, assists=5
    victorious: False
    date: 2012-11-22
  player 'Miss Fortune':
    stats: kills=12, deaths=4, assists=3
    victorious: True
    date: 2012-11-22
  player 'Fizz':
    stats: kills=12, deaths=4, assists=5
    victorious: True
    date: 2012-11-22

Fizz had 12 kills in the game
于 2012-11-22T23:52:56.620 回答
3

有两种方法可以从文本文件示例中读取数据。

第一种方法

您可以使用 python 的 csv 模块并指定您的分隔符是-.

见http://www.doughellmann.com/PyMOTW/csv/

第二种方法

或者，如果您不想使用此 csv 模块，则可以split在将文件中的每一行作为字符串读取后简单地使用该方法。

f = open('myTextFile.txt', "r")
lines = f.readlines()

for line in lines:
    words = line.split("-")   # words is a list (of strings from a line), delimited by "-".

因此，在上面的示例中，champname实际上将是words列表中的第一项，即words[0].

于 2012-11-22T23:41:57.887 回答
3

您想使用 split (' - ') 来获取零件，然后可能再次获取数字：

for line in yourfile.readlines ():
    data = line.split (' - ')
    nums = [int (x) for x in data[1].split ('/')]

应该在 data[] 和 nums[] 中得到你需要的所有东西。或者，您可以使用 re 模块并为其编写正则表达式。不过，这似乎还不够复杂。

于 2012-11-22T23:45:42.173 回答
3 
# Iterates over the lines in the file.
for line in open('data_file.txt'):
    # Splits the line in four elements separated by dashes. Each element is then
    # unpacked to the correct variable name.
    champname, score, winloss, timestamp = line.split(' - ')

    # Since 'score' holds the string with the three values joined,
    # we need to split them again, this time using a slash as separator.
    # This results in a list of strings, so we apply the 'int' function
    # to each of them to convert to integer. This list of integers is
    # then unpacked into the kills, deaths and assists variables
    kills, deaths, assists = map(int, score.split('/'))

    # Now you are you free to use the variables read to whatever you want. Since
    # kills, deaths and assists are integers, you can sum, multiply and add
    # them easily.
于 2012-11-22T23:50:31.850 回答
1

首先，您将线路分成数据片段

>>> name, score, result, date = "Fizz - 12/4/5 - Win - 2012-11-22".split(' - ')
>>> name
'Fizz'
>>> score
'12/4/5'
>>> result
'Win'
>>> date
'2012-11-22'

二、解析你的分数

>>> k,d,a = map(int, score.split('/'))
>>> k,d,a
(12, 4, 5)

最后，将日期字符串转换为日期对象

>>> from datetime import datetime    
>>> datetime.strptime(date, '%Y-%M-%d').date()
datetime.date(2012, 1, 22)

现在您已将所有部分解析并规范化为数据类型。

于 2012-11-22T23:49:02.923 回答