2

我有一个包含以下信息的文本文件：

1961 - Roger (Male)
1962 - Roger (Male)
1963 - Roger (Male)
1963 - Jessica (Female)
1964 - Jessica (Female)
1965 - Jessica (Female)
1966 - Jessica (Female)

如果我想在文件中搜索单词“Roger”，我希望它打印出该名称的相应年份，即 1961、1962、1963。解决此问题的最佳方法是什么？

我是用字典做的，但后来意识到字典不能有重复的值，并且 1963 在文本文件中被提到了两次，所以它不起作用。

我正在使用 Python 3，谢谢。

4

5 回答 5

2

使用以名称为键的字典并将年份存储在列表中：

In [1]: with open("data1.txt") as f:
   ...:     dic={}
   ...:     for line in f:
   ...:         spl=line.split()
   ...:         dic.setdefault(spl[2],[]).append(int(spl[0]))
   ...:     for name in dic :    
   ...:         print (name,dic[name])
   ...:       

Roger [1961, 1962, 1963]
Jessica [1963, 1964, 1965, 1966]

或者您也可以使用collections.defaultdict：

In [2]: from collections import defaultdict

In [3]: with open("data1.txt") as f:
   ...:     dic=defaultdict(list)
   ...:     for line in f:
   ...:         
   ...:         spl=line.split()
   ...:         dic[spl[2]].append(int(spl[0]))
   ...:     for name in dic:    
   ...:         print name,dic[name]
   ...:         
Roger [1961, 1962, 1963]
Jessica [1963, 1964, 1965, 1966]
于 2012-11-17T04:26:44.707 回答
0

Why can't you use a dict and index on name (eg. Roger) as key and have values as a list of years (here [1961,1962,1963] ? would that not work for you?

so at the end of the loop you get all names uniquified with the years as values which is what you seem to want.

于 2012-11-17T04:16:23.250 回答
0

正如我在评论中建议的那样：

from collections import defaultdict

result = defaultdict(list)
with open('data.txt', 'rt') as input:
    for line in input:
        year, person = [item.strip() for item in line.split('-')]
        result[person].append(year)

for person, years in result.items():
    print(person, years, sep=': ')

输出：

Roger (Male): ['1961', '1962', '1963']
Jessica (Female): ['1963', '1964', '1965', '1966']
于 2012-11-17T04:33:43.507 回答
0

使用元组。它们可以存储在列表中，并进行迭代。

假设您的列表如下所示：

data = [(1961, 'Rodger', 'Male'),
        (1962, 'Rodger', 'Male'),
        (1963, 'Rodger', 'Male'),
        (1963, 'Jessica', 'Female')]

您可以像这样对其运行查询：

# Just items where the name is Rodger
[(y, n, s) for y, n, s in data if n == "Rodger"]

# Just the year 1963
[(y, n, s) for y, n, s in data if y == 1963]

或者使用更多 Pythonic 代码：

for year, name, sex in data:
    if year >= 1962:
        print "In {}, {} was {}".format(year, name, sex)

1962 年，罗杰是男性
1963 年，罗杰是男性
1963 年，杰西卡是女性

于 2012-11-17T04:21:19.547 回答
0

您始终可以使用正则表达式。

import re

f = open('names.txt')
name = 'Roger'

for line in f.readlines():
    match = re.search(r'([0-9]+) - %s' % name, line)
    if match:
        print match.group(1)
于 2012-11-17T04:27:33.867 回答