1

当我使用下面指定的代码（在 Cucumber 测试中）填写表单并提交表单时，我的params哈希在控制器处完全为空。

我已经进行了一些调试，并且在 Capybara 的某个深层，当它实际发送时，Nokogiri 节点在调用value之前没有设置属性。click_button

visit '/'
click_link 'Sign out' if has_link? 'Sign out'
click_link 'Log in'

find(:css, '#user_email').set 'my@email.com'
find(:css, '#user_password').set 'foobar'
find(:css, '#user_remember_me').set true

click_button 'Sign in'

我params在控制器的哈希：

{"utf8"=>"✓", "user"=>{"email"=>"", "password"=>"", "remember_me"=>"1"}, "commit"=>"Sign in", "action"=>"create", "controller"=>"auth"}

HTML 表单是这样的：

<form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/users/sign_in" class="new_user" id="new_user" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓"><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="blah-blah-blah"></div>
<div class="email">
<label for="user_email" title="Email or LDAP username">Login</label>
:
<input autofocus="autofocus" id="user_email" name="user[email]" placeholder="EMAIL or LDAP" size="30" title="Email or LDAP username" type="text" value="">
</div>
<div class="password">
<label for="user_password">Password</label>
:
<input id="user_password" name="user[password]" placeholder="PASSWORD" size="30" type="password">
</div>
<div class="rememberable">
<label for="user_remember_me">Remember me</label>
:
<div class="checkbox">
<input name="user[remember_me]" type="hidden" value="0"><input id="user_remember_me" name="user[remember_me]" type="checkbox" value="1">
</div>
</div>
<div class="signin">
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="input">
Sign in
<input name="commit" type="submit" value="Sign in">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>

运行的输出cucumber features/my_feature.feature -vb：

shybovycha@shybovycha-laptop:~/projects/rails/my_project$ cucumber features/my_feature.feature -vb
Using the default profile...
Code:
  * features/support/env.rb
[RailsAdmin] RailsAdmin initialization disabled by default. Pass SKIP_RAILS_ADMIN_INITIALIZER=false if you need it.
Clearing database
Running db:migrate
Running db:seed for our instance
  * features/support/capybara_headers.rb
  * features/step_definitions/backoffice.rb
  * features/step_definitions/content_verification .rb
  * features/step_definitions/db_manipulation.rb
  * features/step_definitions/forms_and_links.rb
  * features/step_definitions/jenkins_integration.rb
  * features/step_definitions/mobile_view.rb
  * features/step_definitions/navigation.rb
  * features/step_definitions/users_manipulation.rb

Features:
  * features/my_feature.feature
Parsing feature files took 0m0.135s

Feature: my_feature

  Scenario: do some actions               # features/my_feature.feature:3
    Given a logged in user                 # features/step_definitions/users_manipulation.rb:45
    And some data exists                      # features/step_definitions/db_manipulation.rb:12
    When I visit some page        # features/step_definitions/navigation.rb:13
    And click "Subscribe" link                      # features/step_definitions/forms_and_links.rb:6
      no link with title, id or text 'Subscribe' found (Capybara::ElementNotFound)
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/capybara-1.1.3/lib/capybara/node/finders.rb:154:in `raise_find_error'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/capybara-1.1.3/lib/capybara/node/finders.rb:27:in `block in find'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/capybara-1.1.3/lib/capybara/node/base.rb:54:in `wait_until'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/capybara-1.1.3/lib/capybara/node/finders.rb:27:in `find'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/capybara-1.1.3/lib/capybara/node/actions.rb:27:in `click_link'
      (eval):2:in `click_link'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/capybara-1.1.3/lib/capybara/dsl.rb:161:in `click_link'
      /home/shybovycha/projects/rails/my_project/features/step_definitions/forms_and_links.rb:8:in `block in <top (required)>'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/core_ext/instance_exec.rb:48:in `instance_exec'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/core_ext/instance_exec.rb:48:in `block in cucumber_instance_exec'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/core_ext/instance_exec.rb:69:in `cucumber_run_with_backtrace_filtering'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/core_ext/instance_exec.rb:36:in `cucumber_instance_exec'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/rb_support/rb_step_definition.rb:69:in `invoke'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/step_match.rb:25:in `invoke'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/step_invocation.rb:60:in `invoke'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/step_invocation.rb:38:in `accept'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:99:in `block in visit_step'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:163:in `broadcast'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:98:in `visit_step'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/step_collection.rb:15:in `block in accept'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/step_collection.rb:14:in `each'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/step_collection.rb:14:in `accept'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:93:in `block in visit_steps'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:163:in `broadcast'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:92:in `visit_steps'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/scenario.rb:55:in `block (2 levels) in accept'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/runtime.rb:80:in `block (2 levels) in with_hooks'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/runtime.rb:96:in `before_and_after'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/runtime.rb:79:in `block in with_hooks'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:120:in `call'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:120:in `block (3 levels) in around'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/language_support/language_methods.rb:9:in `block in around'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/language_support/language_methods.rb:91:in `call'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/language_support/language_methods.rb:91:in `execute_around'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/language_support/language_methods.rb:8:in `around'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:119:in `block (2 levels) in around'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:117:in `call'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:117:in `around'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/runtime.rb:91:in `around'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/runtime.rb:78:in `with_hooks'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/scenario.rb:53:in `block in accept'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/scenario.rb:108:in `with_visitor'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/scenario.rb:47:in `accept'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:51:in `block in visit_feature_element'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:163:in `broadcast'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:50:in `visit_feature_element'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/feature.rb:43:in `block in accept'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/feature.rb:42:in `each'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/feature.rb:42:in `accept'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:20:in `block in visit_feature'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:163:in `broadcast'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:19:in `visit_feature'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/features.rb:29:in `block in accept'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/features.rb:17:in `each'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/features.rb:17:in `each'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/features.rb:28:in `accept'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:14:in `block in visit_features'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:163:in `broadcast'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/ast/tree_walker.rb:13:in `visit_features'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/runtime.rb:46:in `run!'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/cli/main.rb:43:in `execute!'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/lib/cucumber/cli/main.rb:20:in `execute'
      /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/cucumber-1.2.1/bin/cucumber:14:in `<top (required)>'
      /usr/local/bin/cucumber:19:in `load'
      /usr/local/bin/cucumber:19:in `<main>'
      features/my_feature.feature:7:in `And click "Subscribe" link'
...

除了找不到内容外，该错误不会告诉您任何内容。原因是，devise不进行身份验证，因为哈希params为空。因此它无法获取任何用户数据。所以它无法验证一个。所以它不会让用户查看页面并将他重定向到显示错误消息的主页。所以没有找到测试应该使用的内容。

4

1 回答 1

2

找到解决方案和问题的原因。

原因

短版

Capybara（即使使用PhantomJS ）不知何故无法识别元素是否可见。这是 Capybara 的内部结构，而不是我的测试。

详细原因说明

看，我们在一页上有两个表格——注册表格和登录表格。两者都是隐藏的，但是当用户点击登录或注册按钮时，会显示相应的表单。两种形式都包含字段#user_email和#user_password。但是注册表单包含#user_password_confirmation，而登录表包含#user_remember_me。

看看表格的代码：

<div class="forms">
    <div class="signup-form" style="display: block;">
        <form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/users" class="new_user" id="new_user" method="post">
            <div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline">
                <input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#10003;" />
                <input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="viNleUNDfdlp92j9vVU9QravqMRbmCUZDqw3pV9jQK0=" />
            </div>

            <div class="email">
                <input autofocus="autofocus" id="user_email" name="user[email]" placeholder="EMAIL or LDAP" size="30" type="email" value="" />
            </div>

            <div class="password">
                <input id="user_password" name="user[password]" placeholder="PASSWORD" size="30" type="password" />
            </div>

            <div class="password">
                <input id="user_password_confirmation" name="user[password_confirmation]" placeholder="PASSWORD CONFIRMATION" size="30" type="password" />
            </div>

            <div class="signup">
                Sign up
                <input name="commit" type="submit" value="Sign up" />
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>

    <div class="signin-form" style="display: none;">
        <form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/users/sign_in" class="new_user" id="new_user" method="post">
            <div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline">
                <input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#10003;" />
                <input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="viNleUNDfdlp92j9vVU9QravqMRbmCUZDqw3pV9jQK0=" />
            </div>

            <div class="email">
                <input autofocus="autofocus" id="user_email" name="user[email]" placeholder="EMAIL or LDAP" size="30" title="Email or LDAP username" type="text" value="" />
            </div>

            <div class="password">
                <input id="user_password" name="user[password]" placeholder="PASSWORD" size="30" type="password" />
            </div>

            <div class="rememberable">
                <label for="user_remember_me">Remember me</label>:

                <div class="checkbox">
                    <input name="user[remember_me]" type="hidden" value="0" />
                    <input id="user_remember_me" name="user[remember_me]" type="checkbox" value="1" />
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="signin">
                Sign in
                <input name="commit" type="submit" value="Sign in" />
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>

现在，在测试中，有一行应该使登录表单可见。然后 test 尝试填写可见表单并将其发送到服务器。

然而，水豚为什么不区分有形和无形。因此，它会在第一个表单中填写输入，该表单以前是注册表单。

然后有一个代码行，它点击登录按钮。看？填写的表格是注册，提交的表格是登录。

解决方案

短版

不要使用fill_in 'Input', :with => 'value'.

使用find(:css, '#selector').set 'value'或find(:xpath, '/selector').set 'value'代替。

详细说明

由于所描述的原因，fill_in搜索与给定标签/id/标题匹配的第一个可见元素 （Input在我的示例中为上面的几行）。

如果您在一页上可能有几个输入具有相同的标签/id/标题，但在不同的表单中，则fill_in可能会模棱两可并填写错误的元素。

该find方法搜索与给定选择器规则匹配的第一个元素 （css selector或者xpath，基于您提供的第一个参数；css selector在我上面的示例中）。

重要的提示

因此，请始终尝试传递尽可能多的特定选择器。

于 2012-11-17T11:43:40.297 回答