以下是我为此编写的代码。随意提出优化建议。
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
class Graph
{
private static int V;
private static int adj[][];
static void initializeGraph(int n)
{
V=n+1;
adj = new int[V][V];
for(int i=0;i<V;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<V ;j++)
adj[i][j]= 0;
}
}
static int isTree(int edges[][],int n)
{
initializeGraph(n);
for(int i=0;i< edges.length;i++)
{
addDirectedEdge(edges[i][0],edges[i][1]);
}
int root = findRoot();
if(root == -1)
return -1;
boolean visited[] = new boolean[V];
boolean isTree = isTree(root, visited, -1);
boolean isConnected = isConnected(visited);
System.out.println("isTree= "+ isTree + " isConnected= "+ isConnected);
if(isTree && isConnected)
return root;
else
return -1;
}
static boolean isTree(int node, boolean visited[], int parent)
{
// System.out.println("node =" +node +" parent" +parent);
visited[node] = true;int j;
for(j =1;j<V;j++)
{
// System.out.println("node =" +node + " j=" +j+ "parent" + parent);
if(adj[node][j]==1)
{
if(visited[j])
{
// System.out.println("returning false for j="+ j);
return false;
}
else
{ //visit all adjacent vertices
boolean child = isTree(j, visited, node);
if(!child)
{
// System.out.println("returning false for j="+ j + " node=" +node);
return false;
}
}
}
}
if(j==V)
return true;
else
return false;
}
static int findRoot()
{
int root =-1, j=0,i;
int count =0;
for(j=1;j<V ;j++)
{
count=0;
for(i=1 ;i<V;i++)
{
if(adj[i][j]==1)
count++;
}
// System.out.println("j"+j +" count="+count);
if(count==0)
{
// System.out.println(j);
return j;
}
}
return -1;
}
static void addDirectedEdge(int s, int d)
{
// System.out.println("s="+ s+"d="+d);
adj[s][d]=1;
}
static boolean isConnected(boolean visited[])
{
for(int i=1; i<V;i++)
{
if(!visited[i])
return false;
}
return true;
}
public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception
{
int edges[][]= {{2,3},{2,4},{3,1},{3,5},{3,7},{4,6}, {2,8}, {8,9}};
int n=9;
int root = isTree(edges,n);
System.out.println("root is:" + root);
int edges2[][]= {{2,3},{2,4},{3,1},{3,5},{3,7},{4,6}, {2,8}, {6,3}};
int n2=8;
root = isTree(edges2,n2);
System.out.println("root is:" + root);
}
}