我将通过注释示例回答您的问题,希望您能真正学到一些东西,而不是仅仅获得有效的代码。实际上,假设您不熟悉方案,那么查看几段代码可能会更有启发性。
您的原始定义如下所示:
(define (evens lis)
(cond (;; Check: Recursion stop condition
(null? lis)
'())
(;; Wrong: Calling length at each step => O(n^2)
;; Wrong: Assuming even element if list has even number of elements
(= (modulo (length lis) 2) 0)
;; Wrong: Recursing with the rest of the list, you'll get odds
(cons (car lis) (evens (cdr lis))))
(else
;; Wrong: Recursing with the rest of the list with cdr, you'll get odds
(evens (cdr lis)))))
之后,您已编辑问题以将其更新为如下内容:
(define (evens lis)
(cond (;; Check: Recursion stop condition
(null? lis)
'())
(else
;; Check: Building list with second element
;; Wrong: If lis only has 1 element,
;; (cdr lis) is null and (car (cdr list)) is an error.
(cons (cadr lis)
;; Wrong: Recursing with cdr, you'll get odds
(evens (cdr lis))))))
一个解决方案是检查列表是否至少有第二个元素:
(define (evens lis)
(cond (;; Check: Recursion stop condition 1
(null? lis)
'())
(;; Check: Recursion stop condition 2: list of length = 1
(null? (cdr lis))
'())
(else
;; Check: Building list with second element
;; The previous cond clauses have already sorted out
;; that lis and (cdr lis) are not null.
(cons (cadr lis)
;; Check: Recurse "the rest of the rest" of lis with cddr
(evens (cddr lis)))))
练习:使用if
和or
简化此解决方案,使其只有 2 个分支。