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使用单个语句,打印仅包含原子符号及其对应权重的字典,这些元素在 wts(我的字典)中的原子符号中只有一个字母。即,包括“H”但省略“He”。我的字典设置为{'H':'1.00794','He':'4.002602','Li':'6.941','Be':'9.012182','B':'10.811','C':'12.0107','N':'14.0067','O':'15.9994'}

[for element in wts if len(element) == 1]

我在想一个列表理解会起作用,但是,我怎么让它只看元素符号。这将返回错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "_sage_input_45.py", line 10, in <module>
    exec compile(u"print _support_.syseval(python, u'[for element in wts if len(element) == 1]', __SAGE_TMP_DIR__)" + '\n', '', 'single')
  File "", line 1, in <module>

  File "/sagenb/sage_install/sage-5.3-sage.math.washington.edu-x86_64-Linux/devel/sagenb-git/sagenb/misc/support.py", line 487, in syseval
    return system.eval(cmd, sage_globals, locals = sage_globals)
  File "/sagenb/sage_install/sage-5.3-sage.math.washington.edu-x86_64-Linux/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sage/misc/python.py", line 53, in eval
    eval(compile(s, '', 'exec'), globals, globals)
  File "", line 3
    [for element in wts if len(element) == 1]
       ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
4

3 回答 3

6

您有语法错误(如 Python 所述)。利用:

[element for element in wts if len(element) == 1]

列表推导式必须以 . 之前的表达式开头for。使用此语法,您可以应用进一步的操作,例如大写:

[element.upper() for element in wts if len(element) == 1]

因为你必须重复迭代变量名太多,你会经常看到用短变量名编写的推导。我可以这样写x

[x for x in wts if len(x) == 1]
于 2012-11-12T20:51:06.930 回答
0

由于您被要求“打印仅包含原子符号及其相应权重的字典......”我认为答案应该使用字典理解,如下所示:

>>> print {el: wt for el, wt in wts.iteritems() if len(el) == 1}
{'H': '1.00794', 'C': '12.0107', 'B': '10.811', 'O': '15.9994', 'N': '14.0067'}
于 2012-11-12T21:55:46.737 回答
0

您可以使用列表组合:

>>> dts = {'H':'1.00794','He':'4.002602','Li':'6.941','Be':'9.012182','B':'10.811','C':'12.0107','N':'14.0067','O':'15.9994'}
>>> [(el, weight) for el, weight in dts.iteritems() if len(el) == 1]
[('C', '12.0107'), ('B', '10.811'), ('N', '14.0067'), ('H', '1.00794'), ('O', '15.9994')]

或者filter

>>> filter(lambda (k, v): len(k) == 1, dts.iteritems())
[('C', '12.0107'), ('B', '10.811'), ('N', '14.0067'), ('H', '1.00794'), ('O', '15.9994')]
于 2012-11-12T21:02:59.050 回答