java - org.springframework.test 也无法在存在 maven 依赖项的情况下解决

Question

我在尝试为我的 Spring 应用程序构建测试套件时遇到问题。我是 Maven 新手，我找不到问题所在。我已添加到我的 pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.0.RELEASE</version>
    <scope>test</scope> 
</dependency>

但我仍然从 Eclipse 得到错误：The import org.springframework.test cannot be resolved.

在这个讨论之后（http://appfuse.547863.n4.nabble.com/spring-test-package-not-found-td1596479.html），我尝试添加<scope>provided<scope>但没有成功。

这是我的完整pom.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.mose</groupId>
<artifactId>emergency-alert-server</artifactId>
<name>emergency-alert-server</name>
<version>1.0.0-BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
    <java-version>1.6</java-version>
    <org.springframework-version>3.0.5.RELEASE</org.springframework-version>
    <org.aspectj-version>1.6.10</org.aspectj-version>
    <org.slf4j-version>1.6.1</org.slf4j-version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
        <exclusions>
            <!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
             </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- AspectJ -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
        <version>${org.aspectj-version}</version>
    </dependency>   

    <!-- Logging -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
        <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.16</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- @Inject -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
        <version>1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Jackson JSON Processor -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- JAXB XML Processor -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
        <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Servlet -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- File Upload -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
        <version>1.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Test-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.7</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency> 
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0.RELEASE</version>
        <scope>test</scope> 
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>hsqldb</groupId>
        <artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
        <version>1.8.0.10</version>
        <type>jar</type>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.2</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- MySQL database driver -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.9</version>
    </dependency>   
    <!-- Hibernate framework -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
      <version>3.6.0.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javassist</groupId>
        <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
        <version>3.12.1.GA</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Google Cloud Messaging for server  -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.android.gcm</groupId>
        <artifactId>gcm-server</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<repositories>
    <!-- For testing against latest Spring snapshots -->
    <repository>
        <id>org.springframework.maven.snapshot</id>
        <name>Spring Maven Snapshot Repository</name>
        <url>http://maven.springframework.org/snapshot</url>
        <releases><enabled>false</enabled></releases>
        <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
    </repository>
    <!-- For developing against latest Spring milestones -->
    <repository>
        <id>org.springframework.maven.milestone</id>
        <name>Spring Maven Milestone Repository</name>
        <url>http://maven.springframework.org/milestone</url>
        <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots>
    </repository>
    <!-- For Spring releases -->
    <repository>
        <id>org.springframework.maven.release</id>
        <name>Spring Maven Release Repository</name>
        <url>http://maven.springframework.org/release</url>
        <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots>         
    </repository>
    <repository>
      <id>repository.jboss.org-public</id>
      <name>JBoss repository</name>
      <url>https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
    </repository>
    <repository>
        <id>gcm-server-repository</id>
         <url>https://raw.github.com/slorber/gcm-server-repository/master/releases/</url>
    </repository>       
</repositories>

<pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
        <id>apache.snapshots</id>
        <name>Apache Snapshots</name>
        <url>http://people.apache.org/repo/m2-snapshot-repository</url>
        <releases>
            <enabled>false</enabled>
        </releases>
        <snapshots>
            <enabled>true</enabled>
        </snapshots>
    </pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.2</version>                
            <configuration>
                <source>${java-version}</source>
                <target>${java-version}</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>install</id>
                    <phase>install</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>sources</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectj-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <!-- Have to use version 1.2 since version 1.3 does not appear to work with ITDs -->
            <version>1.2</version>
            <dependencies>
                <!-- You must use Maven 2.0.9 or above or these are ignored (see MNG-2972) -->
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
                    <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
                    <version>${org.aspectj-version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
                    <artifactId>aspectjtools</artifactId>
                    <version>${org.aspectj-version}</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>compile</goal>
                        <goal>test-compile</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
            <configuration>
                <outxml>true</outxml>
                <source>${java-version}</source>
                <target>${java-version}</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>

        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <!-- 
            <configuration>
                <contextFile>src/main/webapp/META-INF/context.xml</contextFile>
            </configuration> -->
            <dependencies>      
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                    <version>5.1.9</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </plugin>                       
    </plugins>
</build>

然后我尝试运行mvn dependency:tree，但我看不出有什么奇怪的：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building emergency-alert-server 1.0.0-BUILD-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:2.1:tree (default-cli) @ emergency-alert-server ---
[INFO] org.mose:emergency-alert-server:war:1.0.0-BUILD-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-orm:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  |  \- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- (org.springframework:spring-asm:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  |  \- commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework:spring-jdbc:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- (org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  |  +- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  |  \- (org.springframework:spring-tx:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  \- org.springframework:spring-tx:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |     +- aopalliance:aopalliance:jar:1.0:compile
[INFO] |     +- (org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |     +- (org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |     +- (org.springframework:spring-context:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |     \- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- (aopalliance:aopalliance:jar:1.0:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  |  +- (org.springframework:spring-asm:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  |  +- (org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  |  \- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  +- (org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  +- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  |  \- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  \- org.springframework:spring-asm:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  +- (org.springframework:spring-asm:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  +- (org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  +- (org.springframework:spring-context:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework:spring-context-support:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- (org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  |  +- (org.springframework:spring-context:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  |  \- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  +- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  +- (org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  \- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |     +- (aopalliance:aopalliance:jar:1.0:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |     +- (org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |     +- (org.springframework:spring-context:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |     \- (org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.0.5.RELEASE:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] +- org.aspectj:aspectjrt:jar:1.6.10:compile
[INFO] +- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.6.1:compile
[INFO] +- org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j:jar:1.6.1:runtime
[INFO] |  \- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.6.1:runtime - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] +- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:jar:1.6.1:runtime
[INFO] |  +- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.6.1:runtime - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] |  \- (log4j:log4j:jar:1.2.16:runtime - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] +- log4j:log4j:jar:1.2.16:runtime
[INFO] +- javax.inject:javax.inject:jar:1:compile
[INFO] +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl:jar:1.7.6:compile
[INFO] |  \- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl:jar:1.7.6:compile
[INFO] +- javax.xml.bind:jaxb-api:jar:2.2.2:compile
[INFO] |  +- javax.xml.stream:stax-api:jar:1.0-2:compile
[INFO] |  \- javax.activation:activation:jar:1.1:compile
[INFO] +- javax.servlet:servlet-api:jar:2.5:provided
[INFO] +- javax.servlet.jsp:jsp-api:jar:2.1:provided
[INFO] +- javax.servlet:jstl:jar:1.2:compile
[INFO] +- commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload:jar:1.2.2:compile
[INFO] +- commons-io:commons-io:jar:1.4:compile
[INFO] +- junit:junit:jar:4.7:test
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:3.0.0.RELEASE:test
[INFO] +- hsqldb:hsqldb:jar:1.8.0.10:test
[INFO] +- commons-dbcp:commons-dbcp:jar:1.2.2:test
[INFO] |  \- commons-pool:commons-pool:jar:1.3:test
[INFO] +- mysql:mysql-connector-java:jar:5.1.9:compile
[INFO] +- org.hibernate:hibernate-core:jar:3.6.0.Final:compile
[INFO] |  +- antlr:antlr:jar:2.7.6:compile
[INFO] |  +- commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.1:compile
[INFO] |  +- dom4j:dom4j:jar:1.6.1:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.hibernate:hibernate-commons-annotations:jar:3.2.0.Final:compile
[INFO] |  |  \- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.5.8:compile - omitted for conflict with 1.6.1)
[INFO] |  +- org.hibernate.javax.persistence:hibernate-jpa-2.0-api:jar:1.0.0.Final:compile
[INFO] |  +- javax.transaction:jta:jar:1.1:compile
[INFO] |  \- (org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.6.1:compile - omitted for duplicate)
[INFO] +- javassist:javassist:jar:3.12.1.GA:compile
[INFO] \- com.google.android.gcm:gcm-server:jar:1.0.2:compile
[INFO]    \- com.googlecode.json-simple:json-simple:jar:1.1:compile
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3.642s
[INFO] Finished at: Sat Nov 10 11:44:19 CET 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 6M/81M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------  

任何帮助将不胜感激，在此先感谢。

Answer 1

如果 Maven 构建成功但 Eclipse 发现错误，则表明 Eclipse 没有读取与 Maven 导入相同的 jar。右键单击该项目并选择 Maven/update 并在其后添加 Project/clean。

有时 Eclipse (Kepler) Maven 插件无法下载 jar。检查丢失的 jar 是否在您的本地存储库中。通常只会有一些文件告诉 Maven 在固定时间内不要尝试再次下载。如果是这样，请删除该 jar 的存储库部分，临时将范围设置为编译，然后执行 Maven 清理和安装。如果这不起作用，请在 pom.xml 文件的目录中打开一个命令窗口，然后发出mvn -U clean install命令。

此外，您的 pom.xml 对我来说看起来相当大。将存储库定义、编译器版本等常见的东西放入可以由项目的所有组件共享的父 pom 是一种很好的做法。我喜欢依赖传递依赖（例如 spring-mvc 可能会在没有你指定的情况下吸收 Spring 框架的其余部分）。

Answer 2

该包org.springframework.transaction由spring-tx工件提供，而不是spring-test.

您可能会通过将其添加到您的pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
    <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
</dependency>

Answer 3

最可能的原因是您的 maven 本地存储库中的缓存错误，您可以： 1. 检查您是否在 eclipse 配置和项目的构建路径中使用现有版本的 java。2. 转到您的本地 maven 存储库，它的常用路径是 C:\Users[your_user].m2\repository 并清理 spring 框架依赖项，然后转到 eclipse 并在您的项目上启动 maven 全新安装。3. 保存所有项目源和更改，然后创建一个新的，放置所有源，清理它并运行 maven clean install -U。