我想Button在 WPF 中创建一个自定义。当然，该按钮将是一个 UserControl，它将包含许多视觉元素（如描边、高光、阴影、发光、图像等）。
问题是，如果我使用 DependencyProperties 并在 XAML 中绑定它们，我将无法在 DesignTime 看到结果（我尝试实现 IsInDesignMode 方法，但由于某种原因，我无法理解我的 VS 只是崩溃时我在 UserControls 上使用此方法，否则效果很好），这绝对不好。
所以我正在考虑根本不使用 XAML，并在后面的代码中完成我的所有工作。
你们有什么感想？
像您一样，当我开始并想了解如何/如何使用模板以及使用模板时，需要进行大量的试验和错误。希望我的研究和一些循序渐进的组件可以帮助您根据自己的喜好进行定制，并了解事物的来源。
首先，在尝试了解新的“模板样式”如何工作时，我为我的 Any Manipulating Styles 创建了一个简单的独立 WPF 应用程序（“AMS”）。这样，我不必永远等待，看看在我的其他主要项目和主题的试验/错误期间会是什么样子。
由此，我创建了一个名为“TestingStyles”的新 WPF 窗口。保存/编译，运行，没问题。
现在，在 TestingStyles 窗口的“查看代码”中，我已经为自定义类添加了我正在玩的任何内容......为了帮助逐步展示，我创建了以下内容：
namespace AMS
{
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for TestingStyles.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class TestingStyles : Window
{
public TestingStyles()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
}
// Enumerator for a custom property sample...
public enum HowToShowStatus
{
ShowNothing,
ShowImage1
}
public class YourCustomButtonClass : Button
{
public YourCustomButtonClass()
{
// auto-register any "click" will call our own custom "click" handler
// which will change the status... This could also be done to simplify
// by only changing visibility, but shows how you could apply via other
// custom properties too.
Click += MyCustomClick;
}
protected void MyCustomClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
if( this.ShowStatus == HowToShowStatus.ShowImage1 )
this.ShowStatus = HowToShowStatus.ShowNothing;
else
this.ShowStatus = HowToShowStatus.ShowImage1;
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty ShowStatusProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("ShowStatus", typeof(HowToShowStatus),
typeof(YourCustomButtonClass), new UIPropertyMetadata(HowToShowStatus.ShowNothing));
public HowToShowStatus ShowStatus
{
get { return (HowToShowStatus)GetValue(ShowStatusProperty); }
set { SetValue(ShowStatusProperty, value); }
}
}
}
正如你所看到的，自定义的“按钮”类，我在默认的 TestingStyles 之外的底部：窗口声明......所以它都在同一个“项目”中。
在这个 XAML 示例中，我引用了一个“TaskComplete.png”图形文件（它应该仅用于示例目的，直接添加到项目中......即使是用于示例目的的简单笑脸）。因此，创建这样一个简单的 .png 文件……甚至使用 Microsoft Paint 并用眼睛和微笑画一个圆圈。在根目录下保存到项目中（稍后进入路径，先让它工作）。
保存并重新编译项目，以便在您开始定义 XAML 模板时项目公开知道新的“类”（按钮）是什么。
现在，回到 TestingStyles 设计器并将其放入分屏中，这样您就可以同时看到设计器和 XAML 标记......并且只需替换为以下内容......
<Window x:Class="AMS.TestingStyles"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:my="clr-namespace:AMS"
Title="TestingStyles" Height="300" Width="300" >
<Window.Resources>
<!-- Build a "Style" based on an anticpated target control type of YourCustomButtonClass.
per the "my:" reference, the "my" is an "alias" to the xmlsn:my in the declaration above,
so the XAML knows which library to find such control. In this case, I've included within
the actual forms's 'View Code' as a class at the bottom.
As soon as you assign an "x:Key" reference, its like its telling XAML to make this a PRIVATE
style so you don't reference it explicitly (yet)
-->
<Style TargetType="my:YourCustomButtonClass" x:Key="keyYourCustomButtonClass">
<!-- put whatever normal "settings" you want for your common look / feel, color -->
<Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>
<Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Center"/>
<Setter Property="VerticalContentAlignment" Value="Center"/>
<Setter Property="Padding" Value="0,0,1,1"/>
<Setter Property="Width" Value="100" />
<Setter Property="Height" Value="30" />
<!-- Now, for the template of the button. Things can get really crazy here
as you are now defining what you want the "button" to look like, borders,
content, etc. In this case, I have two borders to give the raise/sunken effect
of a button and it has its own colors -->
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="Button" >
<!-- The x:Name references used during triggers to know what it is "applying" changes to -->
<Border x:Name="BorderTopLeft"
BorderBrush="Gainsboro"
BorderThickness="0,0,1.5,1.5">
<Border x:Name="BorderBottomRight"
BorderBrush="Gray"
BorderThickness="1.5,1.5,0,0">
<!-- Now, what control type do you want the button to have...
Ex: You could use a grid (as I have here), stack panels, etc -->
<Grid Background="LightBlue" >
<!-- I'm defining as two columns wide, one row tall.
First column fixed width 20 pixels example for an image -->
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="20px" />
<ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition />
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<!-- Now, create the controls I want available within my "template".
when assigned with "x:Name", thats like a property withing the template
that triggers can associate and update to. -->
<Image x:Name="btnImage"
Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0"
Stretch="None"
VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
Source="TaskComplete.png"
Visibility="Visible" />
<!-- and also have the text for the button to show the user -->
<TextBlock x:Name="txtNewBtn"
Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1"
Padding="5"
HorizontalAlignment="Left"
VerticalAlignment="Center"
Text="{TemplateBinding Content}" />
<!-- The "{TemplateBinding Content}" means to set the text based on
the "CONTENT" property of the original button and not use a fixed value -->
</Grid>
</Border>
</Border>
<!-- Now, some triggers for the button itself... some can be property based, others data-based -->
<ControlTemplate.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="true">
<!-- What properties do we want to change when user CLICKS
on the button, give the "EFFECT" of click down/up by
changing the "Margin" and border thicknesses... -->
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="1,1,0,0"/>
<!-- Notice the "TargetName" below referring to the x:Name I've applied in template above
so when the user clicks on the button, it changes the border thickness properties of
each to give the effect of a normal button clicking. I'm widening one border, shrinking other -->
<Setter TargetName="BorderTopLeft" Property="BorderThickness" Value="2.5,2.5,0,0"/>
<Setter TargetName="BorderBottomRight" Property="BorderThickness" Value="0,0,.5,.5"/>
</Trigger>
<!-- Here, I have a custome property on the class for "ShowStatus". The binding is to itself
regardless of how many instances of this type of "button" are on a given form
First trigger happens when the value is changed to "ShowNothing", but can also change
when set to "ShowImage1" or other as you may need applicable
-->
<DataTrigger Binding="{Binding Path=ShowStatus, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}}" Value="ShowNothing">
<Setter TargetName="btnImage" Property="Visibility" Value="Hidden"/>
</DataTrigger>
<DataTrigger Binding="{Binding Path=ShowStatus, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}}" Value="ShowImage1">
<Setter TargetName="btnImage" Property="Visibility" Value="Visible"/>
</DataTrigger>
</ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
<!-- NOW, we can expose any instance of "YourCustomButtonClass" button to use the style based on definition above
any instance of such YourCustomButtonClass will automatically reflect this style / look -->
<Style TargetType="my:YourCustomButtonClass" BasedOn="{StaticResource keyYourCustomButtonClass}" />
</Window.Resources>
<Grid>
<my:YourCustomButtonClass Content="Button" VerticalAlignment="Top" ShowStatus="ShowImage1" />
</Grid>
</Window>
这应该为您定义自己的模板以及元素如何开始绑定在一起提供了一个很好的起点。运行此示例后，当您更改模板的任何颜色、边距、填充等时，您将立即看到该组件对控件的视觉影响。
玩得开心，不要把头撞到墙上太多……
顺便说一句，一旦这个工作正常，那么你可以在
<Window.Resources>
</Window.Resources>
并将其放入 Windows 资源字典中，使其对您的项目具有全局性，而不仅仅是此测试表单。