我实际上已经想出如何或多或少优雅地做到这一点。如果其他人正在寻求解决类似问题，请在下面发布解决方案。
概括
我正在使用maven-assembly-plugin从各个模块中提取二进制文件（捆绑 JAR）并将它们打包到<my-distribution-folder>/bundles目录中。在应该外部化一些资源文件的每个模块中，我将这些文件合并到/src/main/resources/external目录下，并maven-resources-plugin在打包阶段使用将这些资源复制到我的专用distribution模块中的自动生成的目录中，该目录包含assembly.xml描述符文件并且也是作为一部分构建的的顶级项目。我maven-clean-plugin在父 POM 中使用在顶级项目构建的 CLEAN 阶段清除分发暂存目录的内容。
Maven 配置
在包含需要外部化的资源的每个包的模块 POM 中，我添加了以下资源管理配置：
<build>
<defaultGoal>install</defaultGoal>
<!--
enable resource filtering for resolving ${...} placeholders with environment-specific values
exclude any files that must be externalized
-->
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<excludes>
<exclude>external/*.*</exclude>
</excludes>
</resource>
</resources>
...
<plugins>
<!-- Copies contents of resources/external to dedicated folder defined by property in parent -->
<!-- externalized resources will be packaged according to assembly instructions -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>copy-resources</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-resources</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>
${project.parent.basedir}/${externalizableResourcesStageDir}
</outputDirectory>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources/external</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- builds a JAR file for this bundle -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.felix</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-bundle-plugin</artifactId>
<extensions>true</extensions>
<configuration>
<instructions>
<Bundle-SymbolicName>${project.groupId}.${project.artifactId}</Bundle-SymbolicName>
<Import-Package>*</Import-Package>
<Export-Package>
${project.groupId}.thismodulepackage*;version=${project.version}
</Export-Package>
</instructions>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
其中externalizableResourcesStageDir是在顶级/父 POM 中定义的属性。在项目中，我包含了一个特殊的分发模块，其结构如下：
distribution
/ext-resources (target auto-generated dir for external resources from modules)
/src
/assemble
assembly.xml (assembly descriptor)
该assembly.xml文件如下所示：
<assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.2"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.2
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.2.xsd">
<id>bin</id>
<!-- generate a ZIP distribution -->
<formats>
<format>zip</format>
</formats>
<includeBaseDirectory>false</includeBaseDirectory>
<baseDirectory>/</baseDirectory>
<moduleSets>
<moduleSet>
<!-- Enable access to all projects in the current multi-module build -->
<useAllReactorProjects>true</useAllReactorProjects>
<!-- select projects to include-->
<includes>
<include>myGroupId:myModuleArtifactId1</include>
<include>myGroupId:myModuleArtifactId2</include>
...
</includes>
<!-- place bundle jars under /bundles folder in dist directory -->
<binaries>
<outputDirectory>${artifactId}/bundles</outputDirectory>
<unpack>false</unpack>
</binaries>
</moduleSet>
</moduleSets>
<!-- now take files from ext-resources in this module and place them into dist /conf subfolder-->
<fileSets>
<fileSet>
<directory>ext-resources</directory>
<outputDirectory>${artifactId}/conf/</outputDirectory>
<includes>
<include>*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
</fileSets>
</assembly>
分发模块的 POM 如下所示：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>myGroupId</groupId>
<artifactId>parentArtifactId</artifactId>
<version>...</version>
</parent>
<groupId>myGroupId</groupId>
<artifactId>distribution</artifactId>
<version>...</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<name>Distribution</name>
<description>This module creates the <MyProject> Distribution Assembly</description>
<url>http:...</url>
<!-- NOTE: These dependency declarations are only required to sort this project to the
end of the line in the multi-module build.
-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>myGroupId</groupId>
<artifactId>myModuleArtifactId1</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
...
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>dist-assembly</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<descriptors>
<descriptor>src/assemble/assembly.xml</descriptor>
</descriptors>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
父 POM 将列出所有捆绑模块，加上分发模块，并定义组装插件：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>myGroupId</groupId>
<artifactId>myParentId</artifactId>
<version>...</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
...
<!-- directory where build may place any sub-modules' resources that should be externalized -->
<!-- those resources may be picked up by maven-assembly-plugin and packaged properly for distribution -->
<externalizableResourcesStageDir>
esb-distribution/ext-resources
</externalizableResourcesStageDir>
</properties>
<!-- all project modules (OSGi bundles + distribution) -->
<modules>
<module>bundle-module1</module>
<module>bundle-module2</module>
...
<module>distribution</module>
</modules>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
...
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<!--
Cleans contents of the folder where the externalized resources will be consolidated
Each module adds its own external files to the distribution directory during its own build
-->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>clean-ext-resources</id>
<phase>clean</phase>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<filesets>
<fileset>
<directory>${externalizableResourcesStageDir}</directory>
<includes>
<include>*.*</include>
</includes>
<followSymlinks>false</followSymlinks>
</fileset>
</filesets>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<configuration>
<descriptors>
<descriptor>src/assemble/assembly.xml</descriptor>
</descriptors>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
注意：我们还确保将外部化的资源文件排除在单独的包 JAR 中（请参阅resources模块 POM 的部分）。解压缩后的分发将如下所示：
my-app-distribution
/bundles
module1-bundle.jar
module2-bundle.jar
etc.
/conf
external1.properties
external2.properties
etc.