14

我想在不使用 jquery 和库的情况下在本机 javascript 中创建一个可移动/可拖动的 div。有教程或任何东西吗?

4

4 回答 4

16

好的,这是我用于轻量级部署的个人代码(由于某种原因,不允许或过度使用库的项目)。首先,我总是使用这个方便的函数,这样我就可以传递一个 id 或实际的 dom 元素:

function get (el) {
  if (typeof el == 'string') return document.getElementById(el);
  return el;
}

作为奖励,get()打字时间比document.getElementById()我的代码更短。

其次要意识到大多数库正在做的是跨浏览器兼容性。如果所有浏览器的行为都相同,则代码相当简单。因此,让我们编写一些跨浏览器函数来获取鼠标位置:

function mouseX (e) {
  if (e.pageX) {
    return e.pageX;
  }
  if (e.clientX) {
    return e.clientX + (document.documentElement.scrollLeft ?
      document.documentElement.scrollLeft :
      document.body.scrollLeft);
  }
  return null;
}

function mouseY (e) {
  if (e.pageY) {
    return e.pageY;
  }
  if (e.clientY) {
    return e.clientY + (document.documentElement.scrollTop ?
      document.documentElement.scrollTop :
      document.body.scrollTop);
  }
  return null;
}

OK,上面两个函数是一样的。当然有更好的方法来编写它们,但我现在保持它(相对)简单。

现在我们可以编写拖放代码了。我喜欢这段代码的一点是,所有内容都在一个闭包中捕获,因此没有全局变量或辅助函数在浏览器中乱扔垃圾。此外,代码将拖动手柄与被拖动的对象分开。这对于创建对话框等很有用。但如果不需要,您始终可以为它们分配相同的对象。无论如何,这是代码:

function dragable (clickEl,dragEl) {
  var p = get(clickEl);
  var t = get(dragEl);
  var drag = false;
  offsetX = 0;
  offsetY = 0;
  var mousemoveTemp = null;

  if (t) {
    var move = function (x,y) {
      t.style.left = (parseInt(t.style.left)+x) + "px";
      t.style.top  = (parseInt(t.style.top) +y) + "px";
    }
    var mouseMoveHandler = function (e) {
      e = e || window.event;

      if(!drag){return true};

      var x = mouseX(e);
      var y = mouseY(e);
      if (x != offsetX || y != offsetY) {
        move(x-offsetX,y-offsetY);
        offsetX = x;
        offsetY = y;
      }
      return false;
    }
    var start_drag = function (e) {
      e = e || window.event;

      offsetX=mouseX(e);
      offsetY=mouseY(e);
      drag=true; // basically we're using this to detect dragging

      // save any previous mousemove event handler:
      if (document.body.onmousemove) {
        mousemoveTemp = document.body.onmousemove;
      }
      document.body.onmousemove = mouseMoveHandler;
      return false;
    }
    var stop_drag = function () {
      drag=false;      

      // restore previous mousemove event handler if necessary:
      if (mousemoveTemp) {
        document.body.onmousemove = mousemoveTemp;
        mousemoveTemp = null;
      }
      return false;
    }
    p.onmousedown = start_drag;
    p.onmouseup = stop_drag;
  }
}

offsetX/offsetY稍微复杂的计算是有原因的。如果您注意到,它只是获取鼠标位置之间的差异并将它们添加回被拖动的 div 的位置。为什么不只使用鼠标位置?好吧,如果你这样做,当你点击它时,div 会跳转到鼠标指针。这是我不想要的行为。

于 2012-10-31T08:14:46.423 回答
14

你可以试试这个

HTML

<div id="one" style="height:50px; width:50px; border:1px solid #ccc; background:red;">
</div>

用于可拖动 div 的 Js 脚本

window.onload = function(){
    draggable('one');
};

var dragObj = null;
function draggable(id)
{
    var obj = document.getElementById(id);
    obj.style.position = "absolute";
    obj.onmousedown = function(){
            dragObj = obj;
    }
}

document.onmouseup = function(e){
    dragObj = null;
};

document.onmousemove = function(e){
    var x = e.pageX;
    var y = e.pageY;

    if(dragObj == null)
        return;

    dragObj.style.left = x +"px";
    dragObj.style.top= y +"px";
};

检查这个演示

于 2012-10-31T06:55:56.753 回答
13

此代码更正鼠标的位置(因此当您开始拖动时,拖动的对象不会跳跃)并且也适用于触摸屏/手机

var dragObj = null; //object to be moved
var xOffset = 0; //used to prevent dragged object jumping to mouse location
var yOffset = 0;
	
window.onload = function()
{
	document.getElementById("menuBar").addEventListener("mousedown", startDrag, true);
	document.getElementById("menuBar").addEventListener("touchstart", startDrag, true);
	document.onmouseup = stopDrag;
	document.ontouchend = stopDrag;
}

function startDrag(e)
/*sets offset parameters and starts listening for mouse-move*/
{
	e.preventDefault();
	e.stopPropagation();
	dragObj = e.target;
	dragObj.style.position = "absolute";
	var rect = dragObj.getBoundingClientRect();
	
	if(e.type=="mousedown")
	{
		xOffset = e.clientX - rect.left; //clientX and getBoundingClientRect() both use viewable area adjusted when scrolling aka 'viewport'
		yOffset = e.clientY - rect.top;
		window.addEventListener('mousemove', dragObject, true);
	}
	else if(e.type=="touchstart")
	{
		xOffset = e.targetTouches[0].clientX - rect.left; //clientX and getBoundingClientRect() both use viewable area adjusted when scrolling aka 'viewport'
		yOffset = e.targetTouches[0].clientY - rect.top;
		window.addEventListener('touchmove', dragObject, true);
	}
}

function dragObject(e)
/*Drag object*/
{
	e.preventDefault();
	e.stopPropagation();
	
	if(dragObj == null) return; // if there is no object being dragged then do nothing
    else if(e.type=="mousemove")
	{
		dragObj.style.left = e.clientX-xOffset +"px"; // adjust location of dragged object so doesn't jump to mouse position
		dragObj.style.top = e.clientY-yOffset +"px";
	}
    else if(e.type=="touchmove")
	{
		dragObj.style.left = e.targetTouches[0].clientX-xOffset +"px"; // adjust location of dragged object so doesn't jump to mouse position
		dragObj.style.top = e.targetTouches[0].clientY-yOffset +"px";
	}
}

function stopDrag(e)
/*End dragging*/
{
	if(dragObj) 
	{
		dragObj = null;
		window.removeEventListener('mousemove', dragObject, true);
		window.removeEventListener('touchmove', dragObject, true);
	}
}
div{height:400px; width:400px; border:1px solid #ccc; background:blue; cursor: pointer;}
<div id="menuBar" >A</div>

于 2017-01-17T13:33:40.237 回答
-2
<div draggable=true ondragstart="event.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', '12345')">
drag me
</div>

<div ondragover="return false;" ondrop="this.innerHTML=event.dataTransfer.getData('text/plain')">
drop on me
</div>
于 2012-10-31T07:07:56.690 回答